Use of awk and printf - help needed Post: 302749611

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Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Use of awk and printf - help needed Post 302749611 by Don Cragun on Friday 28th of December 2012 05:48:04 PM

12-28-2012

Registered User

Quote:

Originally Posted by LDHB2012

That's amazing.

It worked the first time around. I really appreciate your help on this.

If you could answer a qusetion... I'm having trouble finding a tutorial or information on the "l - 13" or "l - 9" portion of the code.

I read the man on awk for substr (which is vague and confusing) and I'm just curious how I can make myself fluent in this language without having to pull my hair out and ask a billion questions.... If you could give me some insight on that, I'd really appreciate it.

-David

Happy New Year!

---------- Post updated at 05:27 PM ---------- Previous update was at 05:12 PM ----------

I KIND OF understand what it's saying but not quite.

substr($1, l - 13, 4)

The above looks like it's starting the count, 4 from the end, 13 to the left, which goes over 2012.

substr($1, l - 9, 2)
The above starts the count 2 from the end, 9 to the left, which is right between the 2012 and 12, which seems perfect. Am I missing something here? (obviously I am.)

Hi David,
The awk command l=length($1) sets l to the number of characters in the first field. In your example, this sets l to 35 because there are 35 characters in "20120727-files.files:20120727090044" (not counting the terminating null byte). The substr(x, s, c) returns c characters from the string x starting with the sth character in the string. So, substr($1, l - 13, 4) returns 4 characters from 20120727-files.files:20120727090044 starting with the 22nd character (i.e., "2012"). When a count isn't given (as in substr($1,l - 1)), substr() will return the remainder of the string from the given starting point. This is all done because I assume that the files.files portion of your input lines may vary in length, but we know that the timestamp is always the last 14 characters in the string.

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LEARN ABOUT FREEBSD

mailq

MAILQ(1)						      General Commands Manual							  MAILQ(1)

NAME

       mailq - print the mail queue

SYNOPSIS

       mailq [-Ac] [-q...]  [-v]

DESCRIPTION

       Mailq prints a summary of the mail messages queued for future delivery.

       The  first  line printed for each message shows the internal identifier used on this host for the message with a possible status character,
       the size of the message in bytes, the date and time the message was accepted into the queue, and the envelope sender of the  message.   The
       second  line  shows  the error message that caused this message to be retained in the queue; it will not be present if the message is being
       processed for the first time.  The status characters are either * to indicate the job is being processed; X to indicate that  the  load	is
       too  high to process the job; and - to indicate that the job is too young to process.  The following lines show message recipients, one per
       line.

       Mailq is identical to ``sendmail -bp''.

       The relevant options are as follows:

       -Ac    Show the mail submission queue specified in /etc/mail/submit.cf instead of the MTA queue specified in /etc/mail/sendmail.cf.

       -qL    Show the "lost" items in the mail queue instead of the normal queue items.

       -qQ    Show the quarantined items in the mail queue instead of the normal queue items.

       -q[!]I substr
	      Limit processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of the queue id or not when !  is specified.

       -q[!]Q substr
	      Limit processed jobs to quarantined jobs containing substr as a substring of the quarantine reason or not when !	is specified.

       -q[!]R substr
	      Limit processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of one of the recipients or not when !  is specified.

       -q[!]S substr
	      Limit processed jobs to those containing substr as a substring of the sender or not when !  is specified.

       -v     Print verbose information.  This adds the priority of the message and a single  character  indicator  (``+''  or	blank)	indicating
	      whether  a  warning  message  has  been sent on the first line of the message.  Additionally, extra lines may be intermixed with the
	      recipients indicating the ``controlling user'' information; this shows who will own any programs that are executed on behalf of this
	      message  and  the name of the alias this command expanded from, if any.  Moreover, status messages for each recipient are printed if
	      available.

       Several sendmail.cf options influence the behavior of the mailq utility: The number of items printed  per  queue  group	is  restricted	by
       MaxQueueRunSize	if  that  value  is set.  The status character * is not printed for some values of QueueSortOrder, e.g., filename, random,
       modification, and none, unless a -q option is used to limit the processed jobs.

       The mailq utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO

       sendmail(8)

HISTORY

       The mailq command appeared in 4.0BSD.

							   $Date: 2013-11-22 20:51:55 $ 						  MAILQ(1)

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