as(1)								   User Commands							     as(1)

NAME

       as - assembler

SYNOPSIS

   SPARC
       as [-b] [-i] [-K {pic,PIC}] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile]
	    [-P] [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname]... [-q]
	    [-Qy | n] [-s] [-S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]]
	    [-T] [-V]
	    [-xarch=v7 | -xarch=v8 | -xarch=v8a | -xarch=v8plus |
	     -xarch=v8plusa | -xarch=v8plusb | -xarch=v8plusd |
	     -xarch=v8plusv | -xarch=v9 | -xarch=v9a |
	     -xarch=v9b | -xarch=v9d | -xarch=v9v]
	    [-xF] [-Y dirname] filename...

   x86
       as [-b] [-i] [-K PIC] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile] [-P]
	    [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname]... [-Qy | n]
	    [-s] [-S [a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]] [-T] [-V]
	    [-xarch=generic64 | -xarch=amd64] [-Y dirname]
	    [-xmodel= [ SMALL | KERNEL ]] filename...

DESCRIPTION

       The as command creates object files from assembly language source files.

OPTIONS

   Common Options
       The following flags are common to both SPARC and x86. They can be specified in any order:

       -b		      Generates extra symbol table information.

       -i		      Ignore line number information from preprocessor.

       -K pic | PIC	      Generates position-independent code.

       -L		      Saves all symbols, including temporary labels that are normally discarded to save space, in the ELF symbol table.

       -m		      Runs the m4(1) macro processor on the input to the assembler.

       -n		      Suppresses all the warnings while assembling.

       -o outfile	      Puts the output of the assembly in outfile. By default, the output file name is formed by removing the .s suffix, if
			      there is one, from the input file name and appending a .o suffix.

       -P		      Runs cpp(1), the C preprocessor, on the files being assembled. The preprocessor is  run  separately  on  each  input
			      file, not on their concatenation. The preprocessor output is passed to the assembler.

       -Dname		      When  the  -P option is in effect, these options are passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the
       -Dname=def	      as command; otherwise, they are ignored.

       -Ipath		      When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by  the	as
			      command; otherwise, it is ignored.

       -Uname		      When  the  -P option is in effect, this option is passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as
			      command; otherwise, it is ignored.

       -Qy | n		      If y is specified, this option produces the assembler version information in  the  comment  section  of  the  output
			      object file. If n is specified, the information is suppressed.

       -s		      Places  all stabs in the .stabs section. By default, stabs are placed in stabs.excl sections, which are stripped out
			      by the static linker, ld(1), during final execution. When the -s option is used, stabs  remain  in  the  final  exe-
			      cutable because .stab sections are not stripped by the static linker.

       -S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]    Produces a disassembly of the emitted code to the standard output. Adding each of the following characters to the -S
			      option produces:

			      a    disassembling with address

			      b    disassembling with ".bof"

			      c    disassembling with comments

			      l    disassembling with line numbers

			      Capital letters turn the switch off for the corresponding option.

       -T		      This is a migration option for 4.x assembly files to be assembled on 5.x systems. With this option, the symbol names
			      in 4.x assembly files are interpreted as 5.x symbol names.

       -V		      Writes the version number of the assembler being run on the standard error output.

       -xF		      Allows function reordering by the Performance Analyzer. If you compile with the -xF option, and then run the Perfor-
			      mance Analyzer, you can generate a map file that shows an optimized order for the functions. The subsequent link	to
			      build the executable file can be directed to use that map file by using the linker -M mapfile option. It places each
			      function from the executable file into a separate section.

       -Y dirname	      Specify directory m4 and/or cm4def.

   Options for SPARC only
       -q		 Performs a quick assembly. When the -q option is used, many error checks are not performed.  This  option  disables  many
			 error checks. Use of this option to assemble handwritten assembly language is not recommended.

       -xarch=v7	 This  option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC version 7 (V7) architecture. The result-
			 ing object code is in ELF format.

       -xarch=v8	 This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture, less the  quad-precision
			 floating-point instructions. The resulting object code is in ELF format.

       -xarch=v8a	 This  option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture, less the quad-precision
			 floating-point instructions and less the fsmuld instruction. The resulting object code is in  ELF  format.  This  is  the
			 default choice of the -xarch=options.

       -xarch=v8plus	 This  option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, less the quad-precision
			 floating-point instructions. The resulting object code is in ELF format. It does not execute on a Solaris  V8	system	(a
			 machine  with	a V8 processor). It   executes on a Solaris V8+ system. This combination is a SPARC 64-bit processor and a
			 32-bit OS.

       -xarch=v8plusa	 This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, less the  quad-precision
			 floating-point  instructions,	plus the instructions in the Visual Instruction Set (VIS). The resulting object code is in
			 V8+ ELF format. It does not execute on a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 processor). It executes on a Solaris  V8+
			 system

       -xarch=v8plusb	 This  option  enables the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the instructions in
			 the Visual Instruction Set (VIS), with UltraSPARC-III extensions. The resulting object code is in V8+ ELF32 format.

       -xarch=v8plusd	 This option enables the assembler to accept instructions DEFIned in UltraSPARC Architecture 2009.  The  resulting  object
			 code is in V8+ ELF32 format.

       -xarch=v8plusv	 This  option  enables	the assembler to accept instructions defined in UltraSPARC Architecture 2005, including the exten-
			 sions dealing with the sun4v virtual machine model. The resulting object code is in V8+ ELF32 format.

       -xarch=v9	 This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-V9 architecture. The resulting .o object files are in 64-bit ELF for-
			 mat  and  can	only  be  linked with other object files in the same format. The resulting executable can only be run on a
			 64-bit SPARC processor running 64-bit Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.

       -xarch=v9a	 This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-V9 architecture, adding the Visual Instruction Set (VIS)  and  exten-
			 sions	specific  to  UltraSPARC processors. The resulting .o object files are in 64-bit ELF format and can only be linked
			 with other object files in the same format. The resulting executable can only be run on a 64-bit SPARC processor  running
			 64-bit Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.

       -xarch=v9b	 This  option  enables the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, plus the Visual Instruc-
			 tion Set (VIS), with UltraSPARC-III extensions. The resulting .o object files are in ELF64 format and can only be  linked
			 with  other  V9 object files in the same format. The resulting executable can only be run on a 64-bit processor running a
			 64-bit Solaris operating environment with the 64-bit kernel.

       -xarch=v9d	 This option enables the assembler to accept instructions defined in UltraSPARC Architecture 2009.  The  resulting  object
			 code is in ELF64 format.

       -xarch=v9v	 This  option  enables	the assembler to accept instructions defined in UltraSPARC Architecture 2005, including the exten-
			 sions dealing with the sun4v virtual machine model. The resulting object code is in ELF64 format.

   Options for x86 Only
       -xarch>=generic64	   Limits the instruction set to AMD64. The resulting object code is in 64-bit ELF format.

       -xarch=amd64		   Limits the instruction set to AMD64. The resulting object code is in 64-bit ELF format.

       -xmodel=[SMALL | KERNEL]    For AMD64 only, generate R_X86_64_32S relocatable type for static data access under KERNEL. Otherwise, generate
				   R_X86_64_32 under SMALL. SMALL is the default.

OPERANDS

       The following operand is supported:

       filename    Assembly language source file

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       TMPDIR	 The as command normally creates temporary files in the directory /tmp. Another directory can be specified by setting the environ-
		 ment variable TMPDIR to the chosen directory. (If TMPDIR is not a valid directory, then as uses /tmp).

FILES

       By default, as creates its temporary files in /tmp.

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWsprot 		   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       cc(1B), cpp(1),ld(1), m4(1), nm(1), strip(1), tmpnam(3C), a.out(4), attributes(5)

       dbx and analyzer manual pages available with Sun Studio documentation.

NOTES

       If the -m option, which invokes the m4(1) macro processor, is used, keywords for m4  cannot  be	used  as  symbols  (variables,	functions,
       labels) in the input file, since m4 cannot determine which keywords are assembler symbols and which keywords are real m4 macros.

       Whenever possible, access the assembler through a compilation system interface program such as cc(1B).

       All undefined symbols are treated as global.

SunOS 5.11							    17 Mar 2008 							     as(1)