08-10-2012
For frequently-modified files, it's rational. I have a set of text files that gets appended to frequently, and if they had more blocks reserved for them at a time, they'd fragment less than they do. If I found a straightforward way to change that without reformatting the FS I would.
Also, like said, it may have been larger in the past, and the extra blocks got kept in case the file becomes large again.
The other thing is, it may not be going by the I/O block here.
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tunefs(1M) System Administration Commands tunefs(1M)
NAME
tunefs - tune an existing UFS file system
SYNOPSIS
tunefs [-a maxcontig] [-d rotdelay] [-e maxbpg] [-m minfree] [-o space | time] special | filesystem
DESCRIPTION
tunefs is designed to change the dynamic parameters of a file system that affect the layout policies. When using tunefs with filesystem,
filesystem must be in /etc/vfstab. The parameters that can be changed are indicated by the options given below.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-a maxcontig
The maximum number of logical blocks, belonging to one file, that is allocated contiguously. The default is calculated as follows:
maxcontig = disk drive maximum transfer size / disk block size
If the disk drive's maximum transfer size cannot be determined, the default value for maxcontig is calculated from kernel parameters as
follows:
If maxphys is less than ufs_maxmaxphys, which is 1 Mbyte, then maxcontig is set to maxphys. Otherwise, maxcontig is set to ufs_maxmax-
phys.
You can set maxcontig to any positive integer value.
The actual value will be the lesser of what has been specified and what the hardware supports.
-d rotdelay
This parameter is obsolete as of the Solaris 10 release. The value is always set to 0, regardless of the input value.
-e maxbpg
Indicates the maximum number of contiguous logical blocks any single file can allocate from a cylinder group before it is forced to
begin allocating blocks from another cylinder group. Typically this value is set to approximately one quarter of the total contiguous
logical blocks in a cylinder group. The intent is to prevent any single file from using up all the blocks in a single cylinder group,
thus degrading access times for all files subsequently allocated in that cylinder group.
The effect of this limit is to cause big files to do long seeks more frequently than if they were allowed to allocate all the blocks in
a cylinder group before seeking elsewhere. For file systems with exclusively large files, this parameter should be set higher.
-m minfree
Specifies the minimum free space threshold, or the percentage of space held back from normal users. This value can be set to 0. How-
ever, up to a factor of three in throughput will be lost over the performance obtained at a 10% threshold. Note: If the value is raised
above the current usage level, users will be unable to allocate files until enough files have been deleted to get under the higher
threshold.
-o space|time
The file system can either be instructed to try to minimize the time spent allocating blocks, or to try to minimize the space fragmen-
tation on the disk. The default is time.
Generally, you should optimize for time unless the file system is over 90% full.
USAGE
See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of tunefs when encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Availability |SUNWcsu |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
SEE ALSO
mkfs_ufs(1M), newfs(1M), attributes(5), largefile(5)
SunOS 5.10 5 Dec 2003 tunefs(1M)