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Full Discussion: Network interface-
Special Forums IP Networking Network interface- Post 302643165 by Corona688 on Friday 18th of May 2012 02:45:41 PM
Old 05-18-2012
An IP address is how you talk to another computer over an IP network. Each network card has its own IP. You try connecting to 10.0.2.15, and IP protocol will find that computer and talk to it if it's there.

It must be unique on the network -- you shouldn't have two 10.0.2.15's plugged into the same local network, they'll conflict.

An IP address, combined with its netmask, netmask are sort of a combined house and street address. The netmask defines which part is local.

Code:
MASK   255 255 255   0
  IP   192 168  56 102
Local                0-254

Meaning, 192.168.56.102 can directly talk to any other network card with an IP address of 192.168.56.anything-else. If it were 192.168.57, it would have to forward the message along to a gateway and hope it knows where it belongs.

So the IP address is a unique ID for each computer, and the subnet mask defines which block of other IPs it can talk to.
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NOS-TUN(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 						NOS-TUN(8)

NAME
nos-tun -- implement ``nos'' or ``ka9q'' style IP over IP tunnel SYNOPSIS
nos-tun -t tunnel -s source -d destination -p protocol_number [source] target DESCRIPTION
The nos-tun utility is used to establish an nos style tunnel, (also known as ka9q or IP-IP tunnel) using a tun(4) kernel interface. Tunnel is the name of the tunnel device /dev/tun0 for example. Source and destination are the addresses used on the tunnel device. If you configure the tunnel against a cisco router, use a netmask of ``255.255.255.252'' on the cisco. This is because the tunnel is a point-to-point interface in the FreeBSD end, a concept cisco does not really implement. Protocol number sets tunnel mode. Original KA9Q NOS uses 94 but many people use 4 on the worldwide backbone of ampr.org. Target is the address of the remote tunnel device, this must match the source address set on the remote end. EXAMPLES
This end, a FreeBSD box on address 192.168.59.34: nos-tun -t /dev/tun0 -s 192.168.61.1 -d 192.168.61.2 192.168.56.45 Remote cisco on address 192.168.56.45: interface tunnel 0 ip address 192.168.61.2 255.255.255.252 tunnel mode nos tunnel destination 192.168.59.34 tunnel source 192.168.56.45 AUTHORS
Nickolay N. Dudorov <nnd@itfs.nsk.su> wrote the program, Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.org> wrote the man-page. Isao SEKI <iseki@gongon.com> added a new flag, IP protocol number. BUGS
We do not allow for setting our source address for multihomed machines. BSD
April 11, 1998 BSD
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