07-03-2011
Yes, every user on linux has to belong to a group. Group is a larger unit than users, obviously; by default when a user is added to the system, a group with the same name is created. This is called a primary group, and user cannot be placed outside of it (although you can change the primary group of the user).
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logins(1M) logins(1M)
NAME
logins - display system and user login data
SYNOPSIS
groups] logins]
DESCRIPTION
displays data concerning system and user logins. The format and content of the output is controlled by command options and may include:
system or user login, user ID number, comment field value (for example, user name, location), primary group name, primary group ID, supple-
mentary group names, supplementary group IDs, home directory, login shell, user security level, user audit events, and password aging
parameters. The default data is: login, user ID, primary group name, primary group ID, and comment field value. Output is sorted by user
ID, with user logins following system logins. The default output consists of login, user ID, primary group, primary group ID and comment
field formatted into columns.
The following options are available to this command:
Display two account expiration fields. The fields show how long the
account can be unused (in days) before it becomes inactive and the date the account will expire.
Display logins with duplicate UIDs.
Show multiple group membership data.
Display with alternate format of one line of colon separated fields.
Display logins with no passwords
Display all system logins
Sort output by login rather than UID.
Display all user logins.
Display extended information about selected users. This extended
information includes home directory, login shell and password aging data, each on its own line. Password information consists of pass-
word status (PS for valid password, LK for locked and NP for no password) and, if a password is present, date of last change, required
number of days between changes, and number of days allowed between changes. In the case of non-trusted systems, the date of last
change will be the latest Thursday since the change.
Display all users belonging to
groups, sorted by login. A comma separated list specifies multiple groups.
Display the requested
logins. A comma separated list specifies multiple logins.
Specify a switch used to classify NIS
or local users. With the option, only users belonging to the specified repository are displayed.
Multiple options may be used. Any login matching any of the criteria will be displayed. A login will be displayed only once, even if it
meets multiple criteria.
EXAMPLES
List all logins in default format.
List all logins that have no password or have a duplicate UID in default
format.
List all system logins in the alternate format.
List all local users of the system.
List all the NIS users of the system.
WARNINGS
HP-UX 11i Version 3 is the last release to support trusted systems functionality.
FILES
HP-UX password file.
HP-UX group file.
SEE ALSO
listusers(1), passwd(1), group(4), passwd(4), prpwd(4), shadow(4).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
logins(1M)