06-16-2011
An operating system, at least a Unix like one, is made of a kernel which interfaces the hardware, a C library, the libc which interfaces the kernel and the userland, standard utilities and libraries and and a set of applications usually including a graphic environment.
Linux is the kernel
Gnu/Linux is a very minimal Unix like OS that almost all Linux distributions are leveraging on.
Distributions includes in addition to Gnu/Linux, things like KDE or Gnome, Firefox, Apache, MySQL, package management, whatever.
Solaris is then similar to a Linux distribution. It includes a kernel (SunOS 5.x), libraries, utilities, one or more graphic environments, applications, etc ...
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INTRO(3) Linux Programmer's Manual INTRO(3)
NAME
intro - Introduction to library functions
DESCRIPTION
Section 3 of the manual describes all library functions excluding the library functions (system call wrappers) described in section 2,
which implement system calls.
Many of the functions described in the section are part of the Standard C Library (libc). Some functions are part of other libraries
(e.g., the math library, libm, or the real-time library, librt) in which case the manual page will indicate the linker option needed to
link against the required library (e.g., -lm and -lrt, respectively, for the aforementioned libraries).
In some cases, the programmer must define a feature test macro in order to obtain the declaration of a function from the header file speci-
fied in the man page SYNOPSIS section. (Where required, these feature test macros must be defined before including any header files.) In
such cases, the required macro is described in the man page. For further information on feature test macros, see feature_test_macros(7).
CONFORMING TO
Certain terms and abbreviations are used to indicate Unix variants and standards to which calls in this section conform. See standards(7).
NOTES
Authors and Copyright Conditions
Look at the header of the manual page source for the author(s) and copyright conditions. Note that these can be different from page to
page!
SEE ALSO
intro(2), errno(3), feature_test_macros(7), libc(7), standards(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2010-09-10 INTRO(3)