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Special Forums Hardware Filesystems, Disks and Memory Why we don't need to defrag UNIX FS? Post 302451167 by amro1 on Monday 6th of September 2010 01:38:05 AM
Old 09-06-2010
Here...

Dear Corona688, you confuse binary tree algorithm for file seeking with an actual allocation i-nodes on physical drive. The gaps that left after removal of files and filled with parts of other files cause the fragmentation. When file open for reading, it goes through the chain and as parts of the file allocated in the areas that are not compactly located, the drive has to performs extra spins in order for perpendicularly moving heads to be on-time for reading/writing in the area. Along with disks' interleaving functionality it makes drive access very slow. That is exactly what fragmentation is. "shake" is one of many options available, again it is not universal and it is not capable of performing defragnetation on all kinds of file system used in UNIX land. "dump"-"restore" is a standard universal way of dealing with the problem, for enterprise level systems, at least for last 20 years.
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RP(4)							     Kernel Interfaces Manual							     RP(4)

NAME
rp - RP-11/RP03 moving-head disk DESCRIPTION
The files rp0 ... rp7 refer to sections of RP disk drive 0. The files rp8 ... rp15 refer to drive 1 etc. This allows a large disk to be broken up into more manageable pieces. The origin and size of the pseudo-disks on each drive are as follows: disk start length 0 0 81000 1 0 5000 2 5000 2000 3 7000 74000 4-7 unassigned Thus rp0 covers the whole drive, while rp1, rp2, rp3 can serve usefully as a root, swap, and mounted user file system respectively. The rp files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a `raw' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw RP files begin with rrp and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the corresponding rp file. In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word boundary. FILES
/dev/rp?, /dev/rrp? SEE ALSO
hp(4) BUGS
In raw I/O read and write(2) truncate file offsets to 512-byte block boundaries, and write scribbles on the tail of incomplete blocks. Thus, in programs that are likely to access raw devices, read, write and lseek(2) should always deal in 512-byte multiples. RP(4)
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