IOSTAT(1)							Linux User's Manual							 IOSTAT(1)

NAME

       iostat - Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.

SYNOPSIS

       iostat  [  -c  ]  [ -d ] [ -h ] [ -k | -m ] [ -N ] [ -t ] [ -V ] [ -x ] [ -y ] [ -z ] [ -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ [ -T ] -g
       group_name ] [ -p [ device [,...] | ALL ] ] [ device [...] | ALL ] [ interval [ count ] ]

DESCRIPTION

       The iostat command is used for monitoring system input/output device loading by observing the time the devices are active  in  relation	to
       their  average  transfer  rates. The iostat command generates reports that can be used to change system configuration to better balance the
       input/output load between physical disks.

       The first report generated by the iostat command provides statistics concerning the time since the system was booted, unless the -y  option
       is used (in this case, this first report is omitted).  Each subsequent report covers the time since the previous report. All statistics are
       reported each time the iostat command is run. The report consists of a CPU header row followed by a row of CPU statistics. On  multiproces-
       sor  systems,  CPU  statistics  are calculated system-wide as averages among all processors. A device header row is displayed followed by a
       line of statistics for each device that is configured.

       The interval parameter specifies the amount of time in seconds between each report. The first report contains statistics for the time since
       system  startup	(boot),  unless  the -y option is used (in this case, this report is omitted).	Each subsequent report contains statistics
       collected during the interval since the previous report. The count parameter can be specified in conjunction with the  interval	parameter.
       If the count parameter is specified, the value of count determines the number of reports generated at interval seconds apart. If the inter-
       val parameter is specified without the count parameter, the iostat command generates reports continuously.

REPORTS

       The iostat command generates two types of reports, the CPU Utilization report and the Device Utilization report.

       CPU Utilization Report
	      The first report generated by the iostat command is the CPU Utilization Report. For  multiprocessor  systems,  the  CPU  values  are
	      global averages among all processors.  The report has the following format:

	      %user
		     Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application).

	      %nice
		     Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level with nice priority.

	      %system
		     Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system level (kernel).

	      %iowait
		     Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.

	      %steal
		     Show  the	percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another
		     virtual processor.

	      %idle
		     Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.

       Device Utilization Report
	      The second report generated by the iostat command is the Device Utilization Report. The device report provides statistics on  a  per
	      physical device or partition basis. Block devices and partitions for which statistics are to be displayed may be entered on the com-
	      mand line.  If no device nor partition is entered, then statistics are displayed for every device used by the system, and  providing
	      that  the  kernel  maintains  statistics for it.	If the ALL keyword is given on the command line, then statistics are displayed for
	      every device defined by the system, including those that have never been used.  Transfer rates are shown in 1K  blocks  by  default,
	      unless  the  environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used.  The report may show the following
	      fields, depending on the flags used:

	      Device:
		     This column gives the device (or partition) name as listed in the /dev directory.

	      tps
		     Indicate the number of transfers per second that were issued to the device. A transfer is an I/O request to the device.  Mul-
		     tiple logical requests can be combined into a single I/O request to the device. A transfer is of indeterminate size.

	      Blk_read/s (kB_read/s, MB_read/s)
		     Indicate  the  amount  of data read from the device expressed in a number of blocks (kilobytes, megabytes) per second. Blocks
		     are equivalent to sectors and therefore have a size of 512 bytes.

	      Blk_wrtn/s (kB_wrtn/s, MB_wrtn/s)
		     Indicate the amount of data written to the device expressed in a number of blocks (kilobytes, megabytes) per second.

	      Blk_read (kB_read, MB_read)
		     The total number of blocks (kilobytes, megabytes) read.

	      Blk_wrtn (kB_wrtn, MB_wrtn)
		     The total number of blocks (kilobytes, megabytes) written.

	      rrqm/s
		     The number of read requests merged per second that were queued to the device.

	      wrqm/s
		     The number of write requests merged per second that were queued to the device.

	      r/s
		     The number (after merges) of read requests completed per second for the device.

	      w/s
		     The number (after merges) of write requests completed per second for the device.

	      rsec/s (rkB/s, rMB/s)
		     The number of sectors (kilobytes, megabytes) read from the device per second.

	      wsec/s (wkB/s, wMB/s)
		     The number of sectors (kilobytes, megabytes) written to the device per second.

	      avgrq-sz
		     The average size (in sectors) of the requests that were issued to the device.

	      avgqu-sz
		     The average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device.

	      await
		     The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time  spent  by  the
		     requests in queue and the time spent servicing them.

	      r_await
		     The  average  time (in milliseconds) for read requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time spent by the
		     requests in queue and the time spent servicing them.

	      w_await
		     The average time (in milliseconds) for write requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time spent by  the
		     requests in queue and the time spent servicing them.

	      svctm
		     The  average service time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests that were issued to the device. Warning! Do not trust this field
		     any more.	This field will be removed in a future sysstat version.

	      %util
		     Percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were issued to the device (bandwidth utilization	for  the  device).  Device
		     saturation occurs when this value is close to 100%.

OPTIONS

       -c     Display the CPU utilization report.

       -d     Display the device utilization report.

       -g group_name { device [...] | ALL }
	      Display statistics for a group of devices.  The iostat command reports statistics for each individual device in the list then a line
	      of global statistics for the group displayed as group_name and made up of all the devices in the list. The ALL  keyword  means  that
	      all the block devices defined by the system shall be included in the group.

       -h     Make the Device Utilization Report easier to read by a human.

       -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } [ device [...] | ALL ]
	      Display  persistent  device  names.  Options ID, LABEL, etc. specify the type of the persistent name. These options are not limited,
	      only prerequisite is that directory with required persistent names is present in /dev/disk.  Optionally,	multiple  devices  can	be
	      specified  in  the  chosen  persistent name type.  Because persistent device names are usually long, option -h is enabled implicitly
	      with this option.

       -k     Display statistics in kilobytes per second.

       -m     Display statistics in megabytes per second.

       -N     Display the registered device mapper names for any device mapper devices.  Useful for viewing LVM2 statistics.

       -p [ { device [,...] | ALL } ]
	      The -p option displays statistics for block devices and all their partitions that are used by the  system.   If  a  device  name	is
	      entered  on the command line, then statistics for it and all its partitions are displayed. Last, the ALL keyword indicates that sta-
	      tistics have to be displayed for all the block devices and partitions defined by the system, including those that  have  never  been
	      used.  If  option  -j is defined before this option, devices entered on the command line can be specified with the chosen persistent
	      name type.

       -T     This option must be used with option -g and indicates that only global statistics for the group are to be displayed, and not statis-
	      tics for individual devices in the group.

       -t     Print  the  time	for  each report displayed. The timestamp format may depend on the value of the S_TIME_FORMAT environment variable
	      (see below).

       -V     Print version number then exit.

       -x     Display extended statistics.

       -y     Omit first report with statistics since system boot, if displaying multiple records at given interval.

       -z     Tell iostat to omit output for any devices for which there was no activity during the sample period.

ENVIRONMENT

       The iostat command takes into account the following environment variables:

       S_TIME_FORMAT
	      If this variable exists and its value is ISO then the current locale will be ignored when printing the date in  the  report  header.
	      The iostat command will use the ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.  The timestamp displayed with option -t will also be compliant
	      with ISO 8601 format.

       POSIXLY_CORRECT
	      When this variable is set, transfer rates are shown in 512-byte blocks instead of the default 1K blocks.

EXAMPLES

       iostat
	      Display a single history since boot report for all CPU and Devices.

       iostat -d 2
	      Display a continuous device report at two second intervals.

       iostat -d 2 6
	      Display six reports at two second intervals for all devices.

       iostat -x sda sdb 2 6
	      Display six reports of extended statistics at two second intervals for devices sda and sdb.

       iostat -p sda 2 6
	      Display six reports at two second intervals for device sda and all its partitions (sda1, etc.)

BUGS

       /proc filesystem must be mounted for iostat to work.

       Kernels older than 2.6.x are no longer supported.

       The average service time (svctm field) value is meaningless, as I/O statistics are now calculated at block level, and we  don't	know  when
       the disk driver starts to process a request. For this reason, this field will be removed in a future sysstat version.

FILES

       /proc/stat contains system statistics.

       /proc/uptime contains system uptime.

       /proc/diskstats contains disks statistics.

       /sys contains statistics for block devices.

       /proc/self/mountstats contains statistics for network filesystems.

       /dev/disk contains persistent device names.

AUTHOR

       Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)

SEE ALSO

       sar(1), pidstat(1), mpstat(1), vmstat(8), nfsiostat(1), cifsiostat(1)

       http://pagesperso-orange.fr/sebastien.godard/

Linux								   NOVEMBER 2012							 IOSTAT(1)