iconv(3C)						   Standard C Library Functions 						 iconv(3C)

NAME

       iconv - code conversion function

SYNOPSIS

   Default
       #include <iconv.h>

       extern  size_t  iconv(iconv_t  cd, const char **restrict inbuf, size_t *restrict inbytesleft, char **restrict outbuf, size_t *restrict out-
       bytesleft);

   SUSv3
       #include <iconv.h>

       size_t iconv(iconv_t cd, char **restrict inbuf, size_t *restrict inbytesleft, char **restrict outbuf, size_t *restrict outbytesleft);

DESCRIPTION

       The iconv() function converts the sequence of characters from one code set,  in the array specified by inbuf, into  a  sequence	of  corre-
       sponding  characters in another code set, in the array specified by outbuf. The code sets are those specified in the iconv_open() call that
       returned the conversion descriptor, cd. The inbuf argument points to a variable that points to the first character in the input buffer  and
       inbytesleft indicates the number of bytes to the end of the buffer to be converted. The outbuf argument points to a variable that points to
       the first available byte in the output buffer and outbytesleft indicates the number of the available bytes to the end of the buffer.

       For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor cd is placed into its initial shift state by a call for  which	inbuf  is  a  null
       pointer, or for which inbuf points to a null pointer. When iconv() is called in this way, and if  outbuf is not a null pointer or a pointer
       to a null pointer, and outbytesleft points to a positive value, iconv() will place, into the output buffer,  the byte  sequence	to  change
       the  output  buffer  to	its initial shift state.  If the output buffer is not large enough to hold the entire reset sequence, iconv() will
       fail and set  errno to E2BIG. Subsequent calls with inbuf as other than a null pointer or a pointer to a null pointer cause the	conversion
       to take place from the current state of the conversion descriptor.

       If  a  sequence of input bytes does not form a valid character in the specified code set, conversion stops  after the previous successfully
       converted character. If the input buffer ends with an incomplete character or shift sequence, conversion stops after the previous  success-
       fully  converted  bytes.   If  the output buffer is not large enough to hold the entire converted input, conversion stops just prior to the
       input bytes that would cause the output buffer to overflow. The variable pointed to by inbuf is updated to point to the byte following  the
       last byte successfully used in the conversion.  The value pointed to by inbytesleft is decremented to reflect the number of bytes still not
       converted in the input buffer. The variable pointed to by outbuf is updated to point to the byte following the last byte of converted  out-
       put  data.  The	value  pointed	to by outbytesleft is decremented to reflect the number of bytes still available in the output buffer. For
       state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor is updated to reflect the shift state in effect at the end of the  last   successfully
       converted byte sequence.

       If   iconv()  encounters  a  character in the input buffer that is legal, but for which an identical character does not exist in the target
       code set,  iconv() performs an implementation-defined conversion on this character.

RETURN VALUES

       The  iconv() function updates the variables pointed to by the arguments to reflect the extent of the conversion and returns the	number	of
       non-identical conversions performed.  If the entire string in the input buffer is converted, the value pointed to by inbytesleft will be 0.
       If the input conversion is stopped due to any conditions mentioned above, the value pointed to by  inbytesleft will be non-zero and   errno
       is set to indicate the condition.  If an error occurs iconv() returns (size_t) -1 and sets errno to indicate the error.

ERRORS

       The iconv() function will fail if:

       EILSEQ	       Input conversion stopped due to an input byte that does not belong to the input code set.

       E2BIG	       Input conversion stopped due to lack of space in the output buffer.

       EINVAL	       Input conversion stopped due to an incomplete  character or shift sequence at the end of the input buffer.

       The iconv() function may fail if:

       EBADF	       The cd argument is not a valid open conversion descriptor.

EXAMPLES

       Example 1: Using the iconv() Functions

       The following example uses the iconv() functions:

       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <errno.h>
       #include <string.h>
       #include <iconv.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>

       /*
	* For state-dependent encodings, changes the state of the conversion
	* descriptor to initial shift state.  Also, outputs the byte sequence
	* to change the state to initial state.
	* This code is assuming the iconv call for initializing the state
	* won't fail due to lack of space in the output buffer.
	*/
       #define INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft) 
	   { 
	       fptr = NULL; 
	       ileft = 0; 
	       tptr = to; 
	       oleft = BUFSIZ; 
	       (void) iconv(cd, &fptr, &ileft, &tptr, &oleft); 
	       (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout); 
	   }

       int
       main(int argc, char **argv)
       {
	   iconv_t cd;
	   char    from[BUFSIZ], to[BUFSIZ];
	   char    *from_code, *to_code;
	   char    *tptr;
	   const char  *fptr;
	   size_t  ileft, oleft, num, ret;

	   if (argc != 3) {
	       (void) fprintf(stderr,
		   "Usage: %s from_codeset to_codeset\n", argv[0]);
	       return(1);
	   }

	   from_code = argv[1];
	   to_code = argv[2];

	   cd = iconv_open((const char *)to_code, (const char *)from_code);
	   if (cd == (iconv_t)-1) {
	       /*
		* iconv_open failed
		*/
	       (void) fprintf(stderr,
		   "iconv_open(%s, %s) failed\n", to_code, from_code);
	       return(1);
	   }

	   ileft = 0;
	   while ((ileft +=
	       (num = fread(from + ileft, 1, BUFSIZ - ileft, stdin))) > 0) {
	       if (num == 0) {
		   /*
		    * Input buffer still contains incomplete character
		    * or sequence.  However, no more input character.
		    */

		   /*
		    * Initializes the conversion descriptor and outputs
		    * the sequence to change the state to initial state.
		    */
		   INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft);
		   (void) iconv_close(cd);

		   (void) fprintf(stderr, "Conversion error\n");
		   return(1);
	       }

	       fptr = from;
	       for (;;) {
		   tptr = to;
		   oleft = BUFSIZ;

		   ret = iconv(cd, &fptr, &ileft, &tptr, &oleft);
		   if (ret != (size_t)-1) {
		       /*
			* iconv succeeded
			*/

		       /*
			* Outputs converted characters
			*/
		       (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
		       break;
		   }

		   /*
		    * iconv failed
		    */
		   if (errno == EINVAL) {
		       /*
		      * Incomplete character or shift sequence
			*/

		       /*
			* Outputs converted characters
			*/
		       (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
		       /*
			* Copies remaining characters in input buffer
			* to the top of the input buffer.
			*/
		       (void) memmove(from, fptr, ileft);
		       /*
			* Tries to fill input buffer from stdin
			*/
		       break;
		   } else if (errno == E2BIG) {
		       /*
			* Lack of space in output buffer
			*/

		       /*
			* Outputs converted characters
			*/
		       (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
		       /*
			* Tries to convert remaining characters in
			* input buffer with emptied output buffer
			*/
		       continue;
		   } else if (errno == EILSEQ) {
		       /*
			* Illegal character or shift sequence
			*/

		       /*
			* Outputs converted characters
			*/
		       (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
		       /*
			* Initializes the conversion descriptor and
			* outputs the sequence to change the state to
			* initial state.
			*/
		       INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft);
		       (void) iconv_close(cd);

		       (void) fprintf(stderr,
			"Illegal character or sequence\n");
		       return(1);
		   } else if (errno == EBADF) {
		       /*
			* Invalid conversion descriptor.
			* Actually, this shouldn't happen here.
			*/
		       (void) fprintf(stderr, "Conversion error\n");
		       return(1);
		   } else {
		       /*
			* This errno is not defined
			*/
		       (void) fprintf(stderr, "iconv error\n");
		       return(1);
		   }
	       }
	   }

	   /*
	    * Initializes the conversion descriptor and outputs
	    * the sequence to change the state to initial state.
	    */
	   INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft);

	   (void) iconv_close(cd);
	   return(0);
       }

FILES

       /usr/lib/iconv/*.so

	   conversion modules for 32-bit

       /usr/lib/iconv/sparcv9/*.so

	   conversion modules for 64-bit sparc

       /usr/lib/iconv/amd64/*.so

	   conversion modules for 64-bit amd64

       /usr/lib/iconv/geniconvtbl/binarytables/*.bt

	   conversion binary tables

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Interface Stability	     |Standard			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |MT-Level		     |MT-Safe			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       geniconvtbl(1), iconv(1), iconv_close(3C), iconv_open(3C), geniconvtbl(4), attributes(5), iconv(5), iconv_unicode(5), standards(5)

SunOS 5.10							    6 Oct 2004								 iconv(3C)