POLL(2) 						      BSD System Calls Manual							   POLL(2)

NAME

     poll -- synchronous I/O multiplexing

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <poll.h>

     int
     poll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout);

     int
     ppoll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, const struct timespec * restrict timeout, const sigset_t * restrict newsigmask);

DESCRIPTION

     The poll() system call examines a set of file descriptors to see if some of them are ready for I/O.  The fds argument is a pointer to an
     array of pollfd structures as defined in <poll.h> (shown below).  The nfds argument determines the size of the fds array.

     struct pollfd {
	 int	fd;	  /* file descriptor */
	 short	events;   /* events to look for */
	 short	revents;  /* events returned */
     };

     The fields of struct pollfd are as follows:

     fd 	 File descriptor to poll.  If fd is equal to -1 then revents is cleared (set to zero), and that pollfd is not checked.

     events	 Events to poll for.  (See below.)

     revents	 Events which may occur.  (See below.)

     The event bitmasks in events and revents have the following bits:

     POLLIN	    Data other than high priority data may be read without blocking.

     POLLRDNORM     Normal data may be read without blocking.

     POLLRDBAND     Data with a non-zero priority may be read without blocking.

     POLLPRI	    High priority data may be read without blocking.

     POLLOUT

     POLLWRNORM     Normal data may be written without blocking.

     POLLWRBAND     Data with a non-zero priority may be written without blocking.

     POLLERR	    An exceptional condition has occurred on the device or socket.  This flag is always checked, even if not present in the events
		    bitmask.

     POLLHUP	    The device or socket has been disconnected.  This flag is always checked, even if not present in the events bitmask.  Note
		    that POLLHUP and POLLOUT should never be present in the revents bitmask at the same time.

     POLLNVAL	    The file descriptor is not open.  This flag is always checked, even if not present in the events bitmask.

     If timeout is neither zero nor INFTIM (-1), it specifies a maximum interval to wait for any file descriptor to become ready, in milliseconds.
     If timeout is INFTIM (-1), the poll blocks indefinitely.  If timeout is zero, then poll() will return without blocking.

     The ppoll() system call, unlike poll(), is used to safely wait until either a set of file descriptors becomes ready or until a signal is
     caught.  The fds and nfds arguments are identical to the analogous arguments of poll().  The timeout argument in ppoll() points to a const
     struct timespec which is defined in <sys/timespec.h> (shown below) rather than the int timeout used by poll().  A null pointer may be passed
     to indicate that ppoll() should wait indefinitely.  Finally, newsigmask specifies a signal mask which is set while waiting for input.  When
     ppoll() returns, the original signal mask is restored.

     struct timespec {
	     time_t  tv_sec;	     /* seconds */
	     long    tv_nsec;	     /* and nanoseconds */
     };

RETURN VALUES

     The poll() system call returns the number of descriptors that are ready for I/O, or -1 if an error occurred.  If the time limit expires,
     poll() returns 0.	If poll() returns with an error, including one due to an interrupted system call, the fds array will be unmodified.

COMPATIBILITY

     This implementation differs from the historical one in that a given file descriptor may not cause poll() to return with an error.	In cases
     where this would have happened in the historical implementation (e.g. trying to poll a revoke(2)ed descriptor), this implementation instead
     copies the events bitmask to the revents bitmask.	Attempting to perform I/O on this descriptor will then return an error.  This behaviour is
     believed to be more useful.

ERRORS

     An error return from poll() indicates:

     [EFAULT]		The fds argument points outside the process's allocated address space.

     [EINTR]		A signal was delivered before the time limit expired and before any of the selected events occurred.

     [EINVAL]		The specified time limit is invalid. One of its components is negative or too large.

SEE ALSO

     accept(2), connect(2), kqueue(2), pselect(2), read(2), recv(2), select(2), send(2), write(2)

STANDARDS

     The poll() function conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'').  The ppoll() is not specified by POSIX.

HISTORY

     The poll() function appeared in AT&T System V UNIX.  This manual page and the core of the implementation was taken from NetBSD.  The ppoll()
     function first appeared in FreeBSD 11.0

BUGS

     The distinction between some of the fields in the events and revents bitmasks is really not useful without STREAMS.  The fields are defined
     for compatibility with existing software.

BSD
								 November 13, 2014							       BSD