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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers How to Remove Special Characters Post 302349753 by methyl on Tuesday 1st of September 2009 05:58:54 PM
Old 09-01-2009
I have a confession. I used the M$ Windows "calc" program to convert from hex to octal. We could of course have used unix "bc".

I've called the environment variable "X85" . It's just a name.

The special syntax to "echo" just allows you to generate any character from its octal representation. The "\c" at the end of the string stops "echo" adding a newline.

The translate program "tr" used in this way translates all occurances of one character to another character. Program "tr" and many others use "\n" to represent a newline.
 

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SWAPON(2)							System Calls Manual							 SWAPON(2)

NAME
swapon - add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping SYNOPSIS
swapon(special) char *special; DESCRIPTION
Swapon makes the block device special available to the system for allocation for paging and swapping. The names of potentially available devices are known to the system and defined at system configuration time. The size of the swap area on special is calculated at the time the device is first made available for swapping. RETURN VALUE
If an error has occurred, a value of -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error. ERRORS
Swapon succeeds unless: [ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. [EINVAL] The pathname contains a character with the high-order bit set. [ENAMETOOLONG] A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters, or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters. [ENOENT] The named device does not exist. [EACCES] Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. [ELOOP] Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. [EPERM] The caller is not the super-user. [ENOTBLK] Special is not a block device. [EBUSY] The device specified by special has already been made available for swapping [EINVAL] The device configured by special was not configured into the system as a swap device. [ENXIO] The major device number of special is out of range (this indicates no device driver exists for the associated hardware). [EIO] An I/O error occurred while opening the swap device. [EFAULT] Special points outside the process's allocated address space. SEE ALSO
swapon(8), config(8) BUGS
There is no way to stop swapping on a disk so that the pack may be dismounted. This call will be upgraded in future versions of the system. 4th Berkeley Distribution March 9, 1986 SWAPON(2)
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