growfs(1M)						  System Administration Commands						growfs(1M)

NAME

       growfs - non-destructively expand a UFS file system

SYNOPSIS

       /usr/sbin/growfs [-M mount-point] [newfs-options]
	    [raw-device]

DESCRIPTION

       growfs non-destructively expands a mounted or unmounted UNIX file system (UFS) to the size of the file system's slice(s).

       Typically,  disk space is expanded by first adding a slice to a metadevice, then running the growfs command. When adding space to a mirror,
       you expand each submirror before expanding the file system.

       growfs will ``write-lock'' (see lockfs(1M)) a mounted file system when expanding. The length of time the file system is write-locked can be
       shortened  by  expanding the file system in stages. For instance, to expand a 1 Gbyte file system to 2 Gbytes, the file system can be grown
       in 16 Mbyte stages using the -s option to specify the total size of the new file system at each stage. The argument for -s is the number of
       sectors, and must be a multiple of the cylinder size. Note: The file system cannot be grown if a cylinder size of less than 2 is specified.
       Refer to the newfs(1M) man page for information on the options available when growing a file system.

       growfs displays the same information as mkfs during the expansion of the file system.

       If growfs is aborted, recover any lost free space by unmounting the file system and running the fsck command, or  run  the  growfs  command
       again.

OPTIONS

       Root privileges are required for all of the following options.

       -M mount-point	  The file system to be expanded is mounted on mount-point. File system locking (lockfs) will be used.

       newfs-options	  The options are documented in the newfs man page.

       raw-device	  Specifies  the  name	of  a  raw metadevice or raw special device, residing in /dev/md/rdsk, or /dev/rdsk, respectively,
			  including the disk slice, where you want the file system to be grown.

EXAMPLES

       Example 1 Expanding nonmetadevice slice for /export file system

       The following example expands a nonmetadevice slice for the /export file system. In this example, the existing slice, /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s3, is
       converted to a metadevice so additional slices can be concatenated.

	 # metainit -f d8 2 1 c1t0d0s3 1 c2t0d0s3
	 # umount /export

       Example 2 Associate /export with new metadevice

       Edit the /etc/vfstab file to change the entry for /export to the newly defined metadevice, d8.

	 # mount /export
	 # growfs -M /export /dev/md/rdsk/d8

       The  first  example  starts  by	running the metainit command with the -f option to force the creation of a new concatenated metadevice d8,
       which consists of the existing slice /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s3 and a new slice  /dev/dsk/c2t0d0s3.  Next,  the  file  system  on  /export  must	be
       unmounted. The /etc/vfstab file is edited to change the entry for /export to the newly defined metadevice name, rather than the slice name.
       After the file system is remounted, the growfs command is run to expand the file system. The file system will span  the	entire	metadevice
       when  growfs  completes.  The  -M option enables the growfs command to expand a mounted file system. During the expansion, write access for
       /export is suspended until growfs unlocks the file system. Read access is not affected, though access times are not kept when the  lock	is
       in effect.

       Example 3 Dynamic Expansion of /export file system

       The following example picks up from the previous one. Here, the /export file system mounted on metadevice d8 is dynamically expanded.

	 # metattach d8 c0t1d0s2
	 # growfs -M /export /dev/md/rdsk/d8

       This  example  begins  by  using the metattach command to dynamically concatenate a new slice, /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s2, to the end of an existing
       metadevice, d8. Next, the growfs command specifies that the mount-point is /export and that it is to be expanded onto  the  raw	metadevice
       /dev/md/rdsk/d8.  The  file system will span the entire metadevice when growfs completes. During the expansion, write access for /export is
       suspended until growfs unlocks the file system. Read access is not affected, though access times are not kept when the lock is in effect.

       Example 4 Expanding mounted file system to existing mirror

       The following example expands a mounted file system /files, to an existing mirror, d80, which contains two submirrors, d9 and d10.

	 # metattach d9 c0t2d0s5
	 # metattach d10 c0t3d0s5
	 # growfs -M /files /dev/md/rdsk/d80

       In this example, the metattach command dynamically concatenates the new slices to each submirror. The metattach command	must  be  run  for
       each submirror. The mirror will automatically grow when the last submirror is dynamically concatenated. The mirror will grow to the size of
       the smallest submirror. The growfs command then expands the file system. The growfs command specifies that the mount-point  is  /files  and
       that  it  is  to  be expanded onto the raw metadevice /dev/md/rdsk/d80. The file system will span the entire mirror when the growfs command
       completes. During the expansion, write access for the file system is suspended until growfs unlocks the file system.  Read  access  is  not
       affected, though access times are not kept when the lock is in effect.

EXIT STATUS

       The following exit values are returned:

       0     Successful completion.

       >0    An error occurred.

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWmdu			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       fsck(1M), lockfs(1M), mkfs(1M), metattach(1M), newfs(1M), attributes(5)

       Solaris Volume Manager Administration Guide

LIMITATIONS

       Only  UFS file systems (either mounted or unmounted) can be expanded using the growfs command. Once a file system is expanded, it cannot be
       decreased in size. The following conditions prevent you from expanding file systems: When acct is activated and the accounting file  is	on
       the  target device. When C2 security is activated and the logging file is on the target file system. When there is a local swap file in the
       target file system. When the file system is root (/), /usr, or swap.

SunOS 5.11							    9 Dec 2003								growfs(1M)