02-10-2009
I believe ${LOGNAME} ${PWD} are special ,,metacharacters'' that are interpreted by shell. bash, ksh are modern shells with a lot of capabilities, sh and csh are more simple shells that don't have all that fancy stuff.
shell is sort of programming language, in .vbs (forgive me this example here) a variable is simply wirrten like var, in perl/shell you need to write $var, what you spotted is simply one of differences between csh, sh, ksh, bash.
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ENVIRON(5) File Formats Manual ENVIRON(5)
NAME
environ - user environment
SYNOPSIS
extern char **environ;
DESCRIPTION
An array of strings called the `environment' is made available by exec(2) when a process begins. By convention these strings have the form
`name=value'. The following names are used by various commands:
PATH The sequence of directory prefixes that sh, time, nice(1), etc., apply in searching for a file known by an incomplete path name.
The prefixes are separated by `:'. Login(1) sets PATH=:/bin:/usr/bin.
HOME A user's login directory, set by login(1) from the password file passwd(5).
TERM The kind of terminal for which output is to be prepared. This information is used by commands, such as nroff or plot(1), which may
exploit special terminal capabilities. See term(7) for a list of terminal types.
Further names may be placed in the environment by the export command and `name=value' arguments in sh(1), or by exec(2). It is unwise to
conflict with certain Shell variables that are frequently exported by `.profile' files: MAIL, PS1, PS2, IFS.
SEE ALSO
exec(2), sh(1), term(7), login(1)
ENVIRON(5)