sa(8)							      System Manager's Manual							     sa(8)

NAME

       sa  - Summarizes accounting records

SYNOPSIS

       sa  [-abcdDfijkKlmnorstu]  [-v  Number]	[-S  SaveFile] [-U UserFile] [File] The sa command helps you manage the large volume of accounting
       information that is generated each day when system accounting has been enabled by the system administrator or by the superuser.

FLAGS

       Outputs all command names (including those containing unprintable characters and commands used only  once)  in  the  last  column.  In  the
       default format, such commands are summed and the total is written as the entry ***other.  Sorts cpu output column 3 according to the sum of
       user and system CPU time divided by the amount of CPU time required to execute the command entered in the last column (6) as many times	as
       is entered in the first column (1).  Adds three percentage columns to the default format to list percentages as follows: Lists the percent-
       age of the number of times each command was executed with respect to the total number of times all commands were executed (see  1a  below).
       Lists  the  percentage  of  the	amount	of real time required to execute each command the number of times entered in the first column with
       respect to the total real time required to execute the total of all commands entered in the last column (see 2a below).	Lists the percent-
       age  of the amount of command CPU time required to execute each command the number of times entered in the first column with respect to the
       total CPU time required to execute the total of all commands entered in the last column (see 3a below).	Sorts avio output  column  (4)	in
       descending order according to the average number of disk I/O operations.  Substitutes tio column (4a) for the avio (4) column and sorts tio
       output column 4a in descending order according to the total number of disk I/O operations.  Used with the -v flag  to  inhibit  interactive
       threshold  comparison  of  commands.   Reads  raw  database  file  /var/adm/pacct only. Does not include records from summary database file
       /var/adm/savacct.  Outputs the average number of seconds per command in default columns 2, 3, and 4 instead of the total  time  in  minutes
       for the number of calls entered in column 1 for each command.  Sorts and outputs records according to the value in the k output column 5 in
       descending order.  Substitutes k*sec column (5a) for the k (5) column and sorts the k*sec output column in descending  order  according	to
       the  value  of  the memory time integral.  Separates cpu column 3 into two columns. The new column entries are column 3a, which lists the s
       (system) part of the CPU minutes, and column 3b, which lists the u (user) part of the CPU minutes.  Outputs a 5-column file, which provides
       the information in the following table.	Listed below in left-to-right order are the column identification suffixes, or none when no suffix
       is used, and the purpose of the column.	Some columns are identical to the default output format described in the table in the  DESCRIPTION
       section;  these	are marked with *.  Username or user ID as written in the /etc/passwd file.  The total number of processes executed by the
       user during the accounting period.  Same as column 3 in the default output file.  Same as column 4a in the default output  file.   Same	as
       column  5a in the default output file.  Outputs the default format sorted in descending order according to the number of times each command
       was called.  Substitutes, in the default output format, the ratio of user CPU time (u) to system CPU time (s) as u/s in column 3  in  place
       of  the	total  user  and  system  CPU time (cpu) for the number of calls entered in the first column.  The default format, described under
       Description, is resorted in ascending order according to the values entered in column 3, cpu time. This sort is the reverse of the  default
       sort.  Merges information in accounting database file /var/adm/pacct with summary files you specify with the -U and -S flags, or merges the
       database file information with information  in  default	files  /var/adm/usracct  or  /var/adm/savacct.	After  the  merge,  database  file
       /var/adm/pacct  is truncated. The use of this flag also implies the use of the -a flag.	Uses SaveFile as the command summary file in place
       of file /var/adm/savacct.  Adds the re/cp column (3d) to the default format. Entries in this column express the ratio of real time to total
       (cpu)  time, which is the sum of user and system time for each command entered in the last column.  Suspends all other flags and prints the
       user numeric ID, the CPU time, memory usage, number of I/O operations, and the command name for each command.  Uses UserFile  as  the  user
       summary file in place of file /var/adm/usracct to record per-user statistics output with the -m flag.  Prints, as a query, the name of each
       command used Number times or fewer to the standard output as follows: command-- where command-- is the name of the command written  to  the
       standard output by sa.

       When  you respond by typing y to the standard input, the command record is omitted from a default-formatted list at the end of the interac-
       tive command queries written to the standard output. The columnar values of the omitted record are totaled in an added record whose command
       name is **junk** in the last column of that list. When you type any other character, the record for the queried command name remains in the
       default output list at the end of the interactive commands written to the standard input.

DESCRIPTION

       When you use the -s flag with the sa command, the information in /var/adm/pacct is condensed into summary file /var/adm/savacct, which con-
       tains a count of the number of times each command was called and the amount of time system resources were used.

       Condensed  information  for  each user is stored in /var/adm/usracct.  This condensed-information file conserves storage space because on a
       large system the /var/adm/pacct daily process file can grow by as many as 100 blocks per day.   Summary	files  are  normally  read  before
       accounting files are, so that files produced by sa include all available information.

       When  a	filename  is  given as the last argument, the named file is treated as the process accounting file. The /var/adm/pacct file is the
       default process accounting file.

       When the sa command is invoked with no flags, the default output summary is an unheaded 6-column file consisting of, in some cases,  infor-
       mation having an identification suffix in the column. The identification suffix may be changed from the default (no flags specified) output
       format by using various flags.

       The following table lists the columns with left-to-right reference column numbers (not included in output) for the default  format  on  the
       left,  the identification suffix for the entry when one is used (or none when one is not in the middle), and the purpose of the information
       in that column on the right.

       Columns having more than one identification suffix description (2 and 2a, for example) use the alternate suffix designation in the same	sa
       output  printout  column  for  each of the listed alternate entries for the column.  For example, the second column has two possible suffix
       designations: re and %. The re reference in the middle column describes the information in the second column of the output printed  by  the
       sa command when this suffix is used. Correspondingly, the % reference describes the information in the sa output when the % suffix is used.

       1    none     The  number  of  times the command entered in the last column
		     (6) was called.
       1a   %	     When the -c flag is used, sa adds this column after column  1
		     to  list  the number of times the command was called (entered
		     in column 1) as a percentage of the total number of times all
		     commands entered in the last column were called.
       2    re	     The number of real-time (elapsed) minutes required to execute
		     the command entered in the last column (6) as many  times	as
		     is entered in the first column (1).
       2a   %	     When the -c flag is used, sa also adds this column after col-
		     umn 2 to list the amount of real time (entered in	column	2)
		     required  to  process  the command entered in the last column
		     (6) as many time as is entered in the first column (1), as  a
		     percentage  of  the  total  amount  of  real time required to
		     process all of the commands listed in the last column.
       3    cpu      The number of CPU (user plus system) minutes used to  execute
		     the  command  entered in the last column (6) as many times as
		     is entered in the first column (1).
       3a   u	     The number of user CPU minutes used.
       3b   s	     The number of system CPU minutes used.
       3c   u/s      When the -o flag is used, substitutes u/s column (3c) for the
		     cpu  (3) column and sorts the u/s output column in descending
		     order according to the ratio of user CPU time to  system  CPU
		     time.
       3d   %	     When the -c flag is used, sa also adds this column after col-
		     umn 3 to list the amount of CPU time (entered  in	column	3)
		     required  to process the command, entered in the last column,
		     the number of times, entered in the first column, as  a  per-
		     centage  of the total CPU time required to process all of the
		     commands listed in the last column.
       3e   re/cpu   When the -t flag is used,	adds  the  re/cpu  column  to  the
		     default  output  format.  Entries	in this column express the
		     ratio of real CPU process time to total CPU time (cpu), which
		     includes  user  and  system time.	These entries appear after
		     entries for the cpu  (3)  column.	The  default  output  sort
		     remains unchanged.
       4    avio     The average number of input/output operations for each listed
		     command.
       4a   tio      The total number of input/output operations for  each  listed
		     command.
       5    k	     The  average  number  of kiloblocks (blocks x 1024) of memory
		     used for each command process.
       5a   k*sec    CPU storage-time integral in K-core seconds (seconds x 1024).
       6    none     The command name (a trailing * [asterisk] indicates a  forked
		     program).

       Other  considerations  for  entries  in the printed sa output are as follows: All times are expressed to nearest one hundredth. The default
       format is sorted in descending order according to the values entered in column 3, cpu time.  You should not share  accounting  files  among
       nodes  in  a  distributed  environment.	 Each  node  should  have  its	own copy of the various accounting files.  When you are also using
       /usr/sbin/acct/* accounting commands, do not delete accounting records in the /var/adm/pacct process accounting source file  because  these
       records also provide information for summary data files when the -s option is used.

EXAMPLES

       To  summarize  accounting  records  for all commands entered in the /var/adm/pacct process database file, enter: sa  -a Commands  used only
       once are summed with the entry ***other in the last column of the default output format.  To summarize accounting records according to  the
       average number of kiloblocks of memory used for each command, enter: sa -k

FILES

       Specifies  the  command	path  Process  accounting database file.  System process accounting summary file.  User process accounting summary
       file.

RELATED INFORMATION

       Commands:   acct(8), acctcms(8), acctcom(8), acctcon(8), acctmerg(8), acctprc(8), fwtmp(8), runacct(8) delim off

																	     sa(8)