09-01-2008
What most often "defunct" means is a 'zombie' , so you have to 'kill'em all'
![Smilie Smilie](https://www.unix.com/images/smilies/smile.gif)
you can either "pkill -9 firefox" - guaranteed that all processes with firefox in their names will die, though it's dangerous, or, you can 'kill -9' which is not the most elegant way, but it works. The regular kill is the default, nice way, whereas -9 flag cannot be ignored.
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KILL(1) General Commands Manual KILL(1)
NAME
kill - terminate a process with extreme prejudice
SYNOPSIS
kill [ -sig ] processid ...
kill -l
DESCRIPTION
Kill sends the TERM (terminate, 15) signal to the specified processes. If a signal name or number preceded by `-' is given as first argu-
ment, that signal is sent instead of terminate (see sigvec(2)). The signal names are listed by `kill -l', and are as given in
/usr/include/signal.h, stripped of the common SIG prefix.
The terminate signal will kill processes that do not catch the signal; `kill -9 ...' is a sure kill, as the KILL (9) signal cannot be
caught. By convention, if process number 0 is specified, all members in the process group (i.e. processes resulting from the current
login) are signaled (but beware: this works only if you use sh(1); not if you use csh(1).) Negative process numbers also have special
meanings; see kill(2) for details.
The killed processes must belong to the current user unless he is the super-user.
The process number of an asynchronous process started with `&' is reported by the shell. Process numbers can also be found by using ps(1).
Kill is a built-in to csh(1); it allows job specifiers of the form ``%...'' as arguments so process id's are not as often used as kill
arguments. See csh(1) for details.
SEE ALSO
csh(1), ps(1), kill(2), sigvec(2)
BUGS
A replacement for ``kill 0'' for csh(1) users should be provided.
4th Berkeley Distribution April 20, 1986 KILL(1)