tm(n)							       Tcl Built-In Commands							     tm(n)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NAME

       tm - Facilities for locating and loading of Tcl Modules

SYNOPSIS

       ::tcl::tm::path add ?path...?
       ::tcl::tm::path remove ?path...?
       ::tcl::tm::path list
       ::tcl::tm::roots ?path...?
_________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION

       This  document  describes  the  facilities for locating and loading Tcl Modules (see MODULE DEFINITION for the definition of a Tcl Module).
       The following commands are supported:

       ::tcl::tm::path add ?path...?
	      The paths are added at the head to the list of module paths, in order of appearance. This means that the last argument  ends  up	as
	      the new head of the list.

	      The  command  enforces  the  restriction	that no path may be an ancestor directory of any other path on the list. If any of the new
	      paths violates this restriction an error will be raised, before any of the paths have been added. In other words, if only  one  path
	      argument violates the restriction then none will be added.

	      If a path is already present as is, no error will be raised and no action will be taken.

	      Paths  are searched later in the order of their appearance in the list. As they are added to the front of the list they are searched
	      in reverse order of addition. In other words, the paths added last are looked at first.

       ::tcl::tm::path remove ?path...?
	      Removes the paths from the list of module paths. The command silently ignores all paths which are not on the list.

       ::tcl::tm::path list
	      Returns a list containing all registered module paths, in the order that they are searched for modules.

       ::tcl::tm::roots ?path...?
	      Similar to path add, and layered on top of it. This  command  takes  a  list  of	paths,	extends  each  with  "tclX/site-tcl",  and
	      "tclX/X.y",  for	major  version	X of the Tcl interpreter and minor version y less than or equal to the minor version of the inter-
	      preter, and adds the resulting set of paths to the list of paths to search.

	      This command is used internally by the system to set up the system-specific default paths.

	      The command has been exposed to allow a build system to define additional root paths beyond those described by this document.

MODULE DEFINITION

       A Tcl Module is a Tcl Package contained in a single file, and no other files required by it. This file  has  to	be  sourceable.  In  other
       words, a Tcl Module is always imported via:
	      source module_file

       The  load  command  is not directly used. This restriction is not an actual limitation, as some may believe.  Ever since 8.4 the Tcl source
       command reads only until the first ^Z character. This allows us to combine an arbitrary Tcl script with	arbitrary  binary  data  into  one
       file, where the script processes the attached data in any it chooses to fully import and activate the package.

       The name of a module file has to match the regular expression:
	      ([_[:alpha:]][:_[:alnum:]]*)-([[:digit:]].*).tm

       The  first  capturing parentheses provides the name of the package, the second clause its version. In addition to matching the pattern, the
       extracted version number must not raise an error when used in the command:
	      package vcompare $version 0

FINDING MODULES

       The directory tree for storing Tcl modules is separate from other parts of the filesystem and independent of auto_path.

       Tcl Modules are searched for in all directories listed in the result of the command ::tcl::tm::path list.  This is called the Module  path.
       Neither the auto_path nor the tcl_pkgPath variables are used.  All directories on the module path have to obey one restriction:

	      For any two directories, neither is an ancestor directory of the other.

       This  is required to avoid ambiguities in package naming. If for example the two directories "foo/" and "foo/cool" were on the path a pack-
       age named cool::ice could be found via the names cool::ice or ice, the latter potentially obscuring a package named ice, unqualified.

       Before the search is started, the name of the requested package is translated into a partial path, using the following algorithm:

	      All occurrences of "::" in the package name are replaced by the appropriate directory separator character for the  platform  we  are
	      on. On Unix, for example, this is "/".

       Example:

	      The requested package is encoding::base64. The generated partial path is "encoding/base64".

       After  this translation the package is looked for in all module paths, by combining them one-by-one, first to last with the partial path to
       form a complete search pattern. Note that the search algorithm rejects all files where the filename does not match the  regular	expression
       given in the section MODULE DEFINITION. For the remaining files provide scripts are generated and added to the package ifneeded database.

       The algorithm falls back to the previous unknown handler when none of the found module files satisfy the request. If the request was satis-
       fied the fall-back is ignored.

       Note that packages in module form have no control over the index and provide scripts entered into the package database  for  them.   For  a
       module file MF the index script is always:
	      package ifneeded PNAME PVERSION [list source MF]
       and the provide script embedded in the above is:
	      source MF

       Both package name PNAME and package version PVERSION are extracted from the filename MF according to the definition below:
	      MF = /module_path/PNAME'-PVERSION.tm

       Where  PNAME'  is the partial path of the module as defined in section FINDING MODULES, and translated into PNAME by changing all directory
       separators to "::", and module_path is the path (from the list of paths to search) that we found the module file under.

       Note also that we are here creating a connection between package names and paths. Tcl is case-sensitive when it comes to comparing  package
       names,  but  there are filesystems which are not, like NTFS. Luckily these filesystems do store the case of the name, despite not using the
       information when comparing.

       Given the above we allow the names for packages in Tcl modules to have mixed-case, but also require that there are no collisions when  com-
       paring  names  in  a  case-insensitive manner. In other words, if a package Foo is deployed in the form of a Tcl Module, packages like foo,
       fOo, etc. are not allowed anymore.

DEFAULT PATHS

       The default list of paths on the module path is computed by a tclsh as follows, where X is the major version of the Tcl interpreter  and  y
       is less than or equal to the minor version of the Tcl interpreter.

       All  the default paths are added to the module path, even those paths which do not exist. Non-existent paths are filtered out during actual
       searches. This enables a user to create one of the paths searched when needed and all running applications will automatically pick  up  any
       modules placed in them.

       The  paths are added in the order as they are listed below, and for lists of paths defined by an environment variable in the order they are
       found in the variable.

   SYSTEM SPECIFIC PATHS
       file normalize [info library]/../tclX/X.y
	      In other words, the interpreter will look into a directory specified by its major version and whose minor versions are less than	or
	      equal to the minor version of the interpreter.

	      For example for Tcl 8.4 the paths searched are:
		     [info library]/../tcl8/8.4
		     [info library]/../tcl8/8.3
		     [info library]/../tcl8/8.2
		     [info library]/../tcl8/8.1
		     [info library]/../tcl8/8.0

	      This  definition	assumes that a package defined for Tcl X.y can also be used by all interpreters which have the same major number X
	      and a minor number greater than y.

       file normalize EXEC/tclX/X.y
	      Where EXEC is file normalize [info nameofexecutable]/../lib or file normalize [::tcl::pkgconfig get libdir,runtime]

	      This sets of paths is handled equivalently to the set coming before, except that it is anchored in EXEC_PREFIX.  For  a  build  with
	      PREFIX = EXEC_PREFIX the two sets are identical.

   SITE SPECIFIC PATHS
       file normalize [info library]/../tclX/site-tcl
	      Note that this is always a single entry because X is always a specific value (the current major version of Tcl).

   USER SPECIFIC PATHS
       $::env(TCLX_y_TM_PATH)
	      A list of paths, separated by either : (Unix) or ; (Windows). This is user and site specific as this environment variable can be set
	      not only by the user's profile, but by system configuration scripts as well.

       $::env(TCLX.y_TM_PATH)
	      Same meaning and content as the previous variable. However the use of dot '.' to separate major and minor version number makes  this
	      name  less  to  non-portable and its use is discouraged. Support of this variable has been kept only for backward compatibility with
	      the original specification, i.e. TIP 189.

       These paths are seen and therefore shared by all Tcl shells in the $::env(PATH) of the user.

       Note that X and y follow the general rules set out above. In other words, Tcl 8.4, for example, will look at these 5 environment variables:
	      $::env(TCL8.4_TM_PATH)  $::env(TCL8_4_TM_PATH)
	      $::env(TCL8.3_TM_PATH)  $::env(TCL8_3_TM_PATH)
	      $::env(TCL8.2_TM_PATH)  $::env(TCL8_2_TM_PATH)
	      $::env(TCL8.1_TM_PATH)  $::env(TCL8_1_TM_PATH)
	      $::env(TCL8.0_TM_PATH)  $::env(TCL8_0_TM_PATH)

SEE ALSO

       package(n), Tcl Improvement Proposal #189 "Tcl Modules" (online at http://tip.tcl.tk/189.html), Tcl Improvement Proposal #190  "Implementa-
       tion Choices for Tcl Modules" (online at http://tip.tcl.tk/190.html)

KEYWORDS

       modules, package

Tcl									8.5								     tm(n)