05-28-2008
Double quotes or single quotes when using ssh?
I'm not very familiar with the ssh command. When I tried to set a variable and then echo its value on a remote machine via ssh, I found a problem. For example,
$ ITSME=itsme
$ ssh xxx.xxxx.xxx.xxx "ITSME=itsyou; echo $ITSME"
itsme
$ ssh xxx.xxxx.xxx.xxx 'ITSME=itsyou; echo $ITSME'
itsyou
$
So what was going on here? Which satement was executed on remote machine and which one was on local system? I'm a little confused ....
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LEARN ABOUT LINUX
pure-authd
pure-authd(8) Pure-FTPd pure-authd(8)
NAME
pure-authd - External authentication agent for Pure-FTPd.
SYNTAX
pure-authd [-p </path/to/pidfile>] [-u uid] [-g gid] [-B] <-s /path/to/socket> -r /program/to/run
DESCRIPTION
pure-authd is a daemon that forks an authentication program, waits for an authentication reply, and feed them to an application server.
pure-authd listens to a local Unix socket. A new connection to that socket should feed pure-authd the following structure :
account:xxx
password:xxx
localhost:xxx
localport:xxx
peer:xxx
end
(replace xxx with appropriate values) . localhost, localport and peer are numeric IP addresses and ports. peer is the IP address of the
remote client.
These arguments are passed to the authentication program, as environment variables :
AUTHD_ACCOUNT
AUTHD_PASSWORD
AUTHD_LOCAL_IP
AUTHD_LOCAL_PORT
AUTHD_REMOTE_IP
AUTHD_ENCRYPTED
The authentication program should take appropriate actions to fetch account info according to these arguments, and reply to the standard
output a structure like the following one :
auth_ok:1
uid:42
gid:21
dir:/home/j
end
auth_ok:xxx
If xxx is 0, the user was not found (the next authentication method passed to pure-ftpd will be tried) . If xxx is -1, the user was
found, but there was a fatal authentication error : user is root, password is wrong, account has expired, etc (next authentication
methods will not be tried) . If xxx is 1, the user was found and successfully authenticated.
uid:xxx
The system uid to be assigned to that user. Must be > 0.
gid:xxx
The primary system gid. Must be > 0.
dir:xxx
The absolute path to the home directory. Can contain /./ for a chroot jail.
slow_tilde_expansion:xxx (optional, default is 1)
When the command 'cd ~user' is issued, it's handy to go to that user's home directory, as expected in a shell environment. But
fetching account info can be an expensive operation for non-system accounts. If xxx is 0, 'cd ~user' will expand to the system user
home directory. If xxx is 1, 'cd ~user' won't expand. You should use 1 in most cases with external authentication, when your FTP
users don't match system users. You can also set xxx to 1 if you're using slow nss_* system authentication modules.
throttling_bandwidth_ul:xxx (optional)
The allocated bandwidth for uploads, in bytes per second.
throttling_bandwidth_dl:xxx (optional)
The allocated bandwidth for downloads, in bytes per second.
user_quota_size:xxx (optional)
The maximal total size for this account, in bytes.
user_quota_files:xxx (optional)
The maximal number of files for this account.
ratio_upload:xxx (optional)
radio_download:xxx (optional)
The user must match a ratio_upload:ratio_download ratio.
Only one authentication program is forked at a time. It must return quickly.
OPTIONS
-u <uid>
Have the daemon run with that uid.
-g <gid>
Have the daemon run with that gid.
-B Fork in background (daemonization).
-s </path/to/socket>
Set the full path to the local Unix socket.
-R </path/to/program>
Set the full path to the authentication program.
-h Output help information and exit.
EXAMPLES
To run this program the standard way type:
pure-authd -s /var/run/ftpd.sock -r /usr/bin/my-auth-program &
pure-ftpd -lextauth:/var/run/ftpd.sock &
/usr/bin/my-auth-program can be as simple as :
#! /bin/sh
echo 'auth_ok:1'
echo 'uid:42'
echo 'gid:21'
echo 'dir:/home/j'
echo 'end'
AUTHORS
Frank DENIS <j at pureftpd dot org>
SEE ALSO
ftp(1), pure-ftpd(8) pure-ftpwho(8) pure-mrtginfo(8) pure-uploadscript(8) pure-statsdecode(8) pure-pw(8) pure-quotacheck(8) pure-authd(8)
RFC 959, RFC 2389, RFC 2228 and RFC 2428.
Pure-FTPd team 1.0.36 pure-authd(8)