TCPSLICE(1)						      General Commands Manual						       TCPSLICE(1)

NAME

       tcpslice - extract pieces of and/or merge together tcpdump files

SYNOPSIS

       tcpslice [ -DdlRrt ] [ -w file ]
		[ start-time [ end-time ] ] file ...

DESCRIPTION

       Tcpslice  is  a	program  for extracting portions of packet-trace files generated using tcpdump(l)'s -w flag.  It can also be used to merge
       together several such files, as discussed below.

       The basic operation of tcpslice is to copy to stdout all packets from its input file(s) whose timestamps fall within a  given  range.   The
       starting  and ending times of the range may be specified on the command line.  All ranges are inclusive.  The starting time defaults to the
       earliest time of the first packet in any of the input files; we call this the first time.  The ending time defaults to ten years after  the
       starting  time.	Thus, the command tcpslice trace-file simply copies trace-file to stdout (assuming the file does not include more than ten
       years' worth of data).

       There are a number of ways to specify times.  The first is using Unix timestamps of the form sssssssss.uuuuuu (this is the format specified
       by tcpdump's -tt flag).	For example, 654321098.7654 specifies 38 seconds and 765,400 microseconds after 8:51PM PDT, Sept. 25, 1990.

       All examples in this manual are given for PDT times, but when displaying times and interpreting times symbolically as discussed below, tcp-
       slice uses the local timezone, regardless of the timezone in which the tcpdump file was generated.  The daylight-savings  setting  used	is
       that  which  is	appropriate for the local timezone at the date in question.  For example, times associated with summer months will usually
       include daylight-savings effects, and those with winter months will not.

       Times may also be specified relative to either the first time (when specifying a starting time) or the starting time  (when  specifying	an
       ending  time)  by  preceding  a	numeric value in seconds with a `+'.  For example, a starting time of +200 indicates 200 seconds after the
       first time, and the two arguments +200 +300 indicate from 200 seconds after the first time through 500 seconds after the first time.

       Times may also be specified in terms of years (y), months (m), days (d), hours (h), minutes (m), seconds  (s),  and  microseconds(u).   For
       example,  the  Unix timestamp 654321098.7654 discussed above could also be expressed as 1990y9m25d20h51m38s765400u.  2 or 4 digit years may
       be used; 2 digits can specify years from 1970 to 2069.

       When specifying times using this style, fields that are omitted default as follows.  If the omitted field is a unit greater  than  that	of
       the  first  specified field, then its value defaults to the corresponding value taken from either first time (if the starting time is being
       specified) or the starting time (if the ending time is being specified).  If the omitted field is a unit less than that of the first speci-
       fied  field,  then  it  defaults to zero.  For example, suppose that the input file has a first time of the Unix timestamp mentioned above,
       i.e., 38 seconds and 765,400 microseconds after 8:51PM PDT, Sept. 25, 1990.  To specify 9:36PM PDT (exactly) on the same date we could  use
       21h36m.	To specify a range from 9:36PM PDT through 1:54AM PDT the next day we could use 21h36m 26d1h54m.

       Relative  times	can also be specified when using the ymdhmsu format.  Omitted fields then default to 0 if the unit of the field is greater
       than that of the first specified field, and to the corresponding value taken from either the first time or the starting time if the omitted
       field's	unit  is less than that of the first specified field.  Given a first time of the Unix timestamp mentioned above, 22h +1h10m speci-
       fies a range from 10:00PM PDT on that date through 11:10PM PDT, and +1h +1h10m specifies a range from  38.7654  seconds	after  9:51PM  PDT
       through 38.7654 seconds after 11:01PM PDT.  The first hour of the file could be extracted using +0 +1h.

       Note that with the ymdhmsu format there is an ambiguity between using m for `month' or for `minute'.  The ambiguity is resolved as follows:
       if an m field is followed by a d field then it is interpreted as specifying months; otherwise it specifies minutes.

       If more than one input file is specified then tcpslice merges the packets from the various input files into the single output  file.   Nor-
       mally,  this merge is done based on the value of the timestamps in the packets in the individual files.	(Tcpslice assumes that within each
       input file, packets are in timestamp order.)  If the -l option is used, the value used for ordering is the  timestamp  of  a  given  packet
       minus the timestamp of the first packet in the input file in which the given packet occurs.

       When merging files, by default tcpslice will discard any duplicate packet it finds in more than one file.  A duplicate is a packet that has
       an identical timestamp (either relative or absolute) and identical packet contents (for as much as was captured) as another  packet  previ-
       ously  seen in a different file.  Note that it is possible for the network to generate true replicates of packets, and for systems that can
       return the same timestamp for multiple packets, these can be mistaken for duplicates and discarded.  Accordingly, tcpslice will not discard
       duplicates in the same trace file.  In addition, you can use the -D option to suppress any discarding of duplicates.

       A  different  issue arises if a file contains timestamps that skip backwards.  tcpslice will include these in the output, even if they pre-
       cede the minimum time requested.  There should probably be an option to suppress these.

       Another problem relating to backwards timestamps is that tcpslice uses random access to seek through a file looking for packets correspond-
       ing  to	the  desired range of time.  While doing so leads to a major performance benefit for very large trace files, it also means that in
       the presence of backwards timestamps tcpslice can fail to find the true earliest occurrence of a packet matching the time  interval  crite-
       ria.  There should probably be an option to specify not to use random access but just read the file linearly.

OPTIONS

       If any of -R, -r or -t are specified then tcpslice reports the timestamps of the first and last packets in each input file and exits.  Only
       one of these three options may be specified.

       -D     Do not discard duplicate packets seen when merging multiple trace files.

       -d     Dump the start and end times specified by the given range and exit.  This option is useful for checking that the given  range  actu-
	      ally  specifies the times you think it does.  If one of -R, -r or -t has been specified then the times are dumped in the correspond-
	      ing format; otherwise, raw format ( -R) is used.

       -l     When merging more than one file, merge on the basis of relative time, rather than absolute time.	Normally, when	merging  files	is
	      done,  packets  are merged based on absolute timestamps.	With -l packets are merged based on the relative time between the start of
	      the file in which the packet is found and the timestamp of the packet itself.  The timestamp of packets in the output file is calcu-
	      lated as the relative time for the packet within its file plus first time.

       -R     Dump the timestamps of the first and last packets in each input file as raw timestamps (i.e., in the form  sssssssss.uuuuuu).

       -r     Same as -R except the timestamps are dumped in human-readable format, similar to that used by  date(1).

       -t     Same as -R except the timestamps are dumped in tcpslice format, i.e., in the ymdhmsu format discussed above.

       -w     Direct the output to file rather than stdout.

SEE ALSO

       tcpdump(l)

AUTHOR

       Vern Paxson, of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

       The current version is available via anonymous ftp:

	      ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/tcpslice.tar.Z

BUGS

       Please send bug reports to tcpslice@ee.lbl.gov.

       An  input filename that beings with a digit or a `+' can be confused with a start/end time.  Such filenames can be specified with a leading
       `./'; for example, specify the file `04Jul76.trace' as `./04Jul76.trace'.

       tcpslice cannot read its input from stdin, since it uses random-access to rummage through its input files.

       tcpslice refuses to write to its output if it is a terminal (as indicated by isatty(3)).  This is not a bug but a feature,  to  prevent	it
       from spraying binary data to the user's terminal.  Note that this means you must either redirect stdout or specify an output file via -w.

       tcpslice  will  not  work  properly  on tcpdump files spanning more than one year; with files containing portions of packets whose original
       length was more than 65,535 bytes; nor with files containing fewer than two packets.  Such files result in  the	error  message:  `couldn't
       find  final  packet  in file'.  These problems are due to the interpolation scheme used by tcpslice to greatly speed up its processing when
       dealing with large trace files.	Note that tcpslice can efficiently extract slices from the middle of trace files of any size, and can also
       work  with truncated trace files (i.e., the final packet in the file is only partially present, typically due to tcpdump being ungracefully
       killed).

       Adding -l has broken some compatibility with older versions, since tcpslice now merges its input files, rather  than  (approximately)  con-
       catenating them together as it did previously.

       It would sometimes be convenient if you could specify a clock offset to use with the -l option.

       It would be nice if tcpslice supported more general editing of trace files.

								 24 February 2000						       TCPSLICE(1)