03-03-2008
Quote:
Originally Posted by
fpmurphy
No, in general, a shell does not know whether a particular user exists or not. The operating system may know that information.
As for tilde expansion, here is the relevant section from ksh93 s+.
Thanks, this answers my question. Furthermore I was wrong, and you are right: the shell knows only for users already logged at least once on the system. I could test getpwnam() on a set of PCs running Linux with PAM authentication, it failed for PAM logins of users that never logged on the machine. Same occurred with tidlde expansion.
BTW, I understand that getpwnam() manpage is confusing : it claims that /etc/passwd is parsed. But seen the output of last(1), and the outcome of my test, I understand it is rather /var/run/wtmp...
X.
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LEARN ABOUT OPENDARWIN
login
LOGIN(1) BSD General Commands Manual LOGIN(1)
NAME
login -- log into the computer
SYNOPSIS
login [-fp] [-h hostname] [user]
DESCRIPTION
The login utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication of the user fails, login prompts for a user name. Authentication of
users is done via passwords.
The options are as follows:
-f The -f option is used when a user name is specified to indicate that proper authentication has already been done and that no password
need be requested. This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already logged in user is logging in as themselves.
-h The -h option specifies the host from which the connection was received. It is used by various daemons such as telnetd(8). This
option may only be used by the super-user.
-p By default, login discards any previous environment. The -p option disables this behavior.
If the file /etc/nologin exists, login dislays its contents to the user and exits. This is used by shutdown(8) to prevent users from logging
in when the system is about to go down.
Immediately after logging a user in, login displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last logged in, the message of
the day as well as other information. If the file ``.hushlogin'' exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as uucp(1). Login then records an entry in the wtmp(5) and utmp(5) files and executes
the user's command interpreter.
Login enters information into the environment (see environ(7)) specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and USER).
The standard shells, csh(1) and sh(1), do not fork before executing the login utility.
FILES
/etc/motd message-of-the-day
/etc/nologin disallows logins
/var/run/utmp current logins
/var/log/lastlog last login account records
/var/log/wtmp login account records
/var/mail/user system mailboxes
.hushlogin makes login quieter
SEE ALSO
chpass(1), passwd(1), rlogin(1), getpass(3), utmp(5), environ(7),
HISTORY
A login appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
4th Berkeley Distribution May 5, 1994 4th Berkeley Distribution