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Full Discussion: ftp the file
Operating Systems AIX ftp the file Post 302141218 by bakunin on Thursday 18th of October 2007 06:28:26 AM
Old 10-18-2007
The reason is that the end of a line is represented differently in DOS and UNIX. In DOS (and similar OSes) the end of a line is represented by two characters: CR (carriage return) and LF (line feed). his is much like the behaviour of a typewriter (the archetype of computer files), where at the end of a line, you wouls swing back the writing head to the beginning of the line (CR) and then feed some amount of paper to not overwrite the same line but write below it on the next (LF).

So, when you see some text in DOS (like in notepad or so) which looks like:

Code:
line 1
line2

in fact this would be the following succession of bytes:

line 1<CR><LF>line2<EOF>

Look at the file using a hex editor and you will see what i mean.

In UNIX the situation is differently: There is a special end-of-line-character, which denotes the end of a line. The same file under UNIX would look like (try it out by using the "od -ax" command)

line 1<EOL>line2<EOF>

Utilities like dos2unix do nothing else than convert the one format into the other by changing the <CR><LF>-sequences to <EOL>-characters and vice versa.

You don't even need these utilities when you transfer the file with ftp using the ASCII-mode instead of the binary mode. This is exactly the difference between the two. "Binary" means "do not exchange any CR/LF characters to <EOL> and vice versa" and "ASCII" means "do exchange..."

When you transfer the file in compressed format the ftp program will not recognize the ASCII format, because the compressed file is a binary file. Otherwise, when you transfer the text file in its natural form, many ftp-clients recognize it as text and switch to ASCII mode automatically, if yours does not you can simply switch yourself by issuing the "as" subcommand (and the "bi" subcommand to get back to binary mode again).

If you have transferred the file already and do not want to retransmit it you can easily change the file with sed:

sed 's/^M$//' file > file.changed

To enter the CTRL-M-char from the command line you can enter <CTRL>-V and then <CTRL>-M (hold down the <CTRL> key while pressing V or M respectively).

bakunin
 

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LEARN ABOUT PHP

rtrim

RTRIM(3)								 1								  RTRIM(3)

rtrim - Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the end of a string

SYNOPSIS

       string rtrim (string  $str, [string  $character_mask])

DESCRIPTION

	This function returns a string with whitespace stripped from the end of $str.

	Without the second parameter, rtrim(3) will strip these characters:

	      o " " (ASCII
		32 ( 0x20)), an ordinary space.

	      o "	" (ASCII
		9 ( 0x09)), a tab.

	      o "
" (ASCII
		10 ( 0x0A)), a new line (line feed).

	      o "
" (ASCII
		13 ( 0x0D)), a carriage return.

	      o "" (ASCII
		0 ( 0x00)), the NULL-byte.

	      o "x0B" (ASCII
		11 ( 0x0B)), a vertical tab.

PARAMETERS

	      o $str
		- The input string.

	      o $character_mask
		-  You	can  also  specify the characters you want to strip, by means of the $character_mask parameter. Simply list all characters
		that you want to be stripped. With .. you can specify a range of characters.

RETURN VALUES

	Returns the modified string.

EXAMPLES

       Example #1

	      Usage example of rtrim(3)

	      <?php

	      $text = "		These are a few words :) ...  ";
	      $binary = "x09Example stringx0A";
	      $hello  = "Hello World";
	      var_dump($text, $binary, $hello);

	      print "
";

	      $trimmed = rtrim($text);
	      var_dump($trimmed);

	      $trimmed = rtrim($text, " 	.");
	      var_dump($trimmed);

	      $trimmed = rtrim($hello, "Hdle");
	      var_dump($trimmed);

	      // trim the ASCII control characters at the end of $binary
	      // (from 0 to 31 inclusive)
	      $clean = rtrim($binary, "x00..x1F");
	      var_dump($clean);

	      ?>

	      The above example will output:

	      string(32) "	  These are a few words :) ...	"
	      string(16) "    Example string
	      "
	      string(11) "Hello World"

	      string(30) "	  These are a few words :) ..."
	      string(26) "	  These are a few words :)"
	      string(9) "Hello Wor"
	      string(15) "    Example string"

SEE ALSO

       trim(3), ltrim(3).

PHP Documentation Group 														  RTRIM(3)
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