Shared memory in shared library Post: 302118380

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Top Forums Programming Shared memory in shared library Post 302118380 by DreamWarrior on Monday 21st of May 2007 05:24:52 PM

05-21-2007

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Shared memory in shared library

I need to create a shared library to access an in memory DB. The DB is not huge, but big enough to make it cumbersome to carry around in every single process using the shared library. Luckily, it is pretty static information, so I don't need to worry much about synchronizing the data between instances of the shared library. However, what I do need to worry about is initializing the memory once and never again.

I would love all the shared libraries to have a library scoped variable, but I don't think that's possible. If it is, let me know...but I know normally each process gets its own copy of the shared library's data segment. I don't think there is a way to flag a portion of that data segment as shared across all instances of the library.

So, I guess I'll need to have the library access the DB in shared memory. However, the first instance of the library to be started up needs to create the shared memory, attach to it, and load it all before any other possible instances can use it. How do I guarentee that this create/initialize happens once before the shared memory is used?

At first, I thought the non-existance of the shared memory segment would do it...but there exists a race condition between create and initialize where-in another instance of the library would see the shared memory but not be able to access it because it has not yet been inited. I know I can store posix mutex's in shared memory...so I guess I can use one of them. However, the other problem exists when the shared memory segment is "left over" from previous runs.

What happens then? So...all library's "detach" from the segment, but none of them destroy it. Now what...the next time the library starts fresh it should re-init the shared memory, but won't.

Hummm...any ideas? Some direction? What is the common method of providing shared memory syncronization? Should I use a system semaphore? Wouldn't it suffer from the same "warm" start problem (detached processes from shared library but memory/semaphores still resident).

This will be written for AIX 5, BTW, for those interested.

DreamWarrior

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LEARN ABOUT OPENDARWIN

shmget

SHMGET(2)						      BSD System Calls Manual							 SHMGET(2)

NAME

     shmget -- get shared memory area identifier

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <sys/ipc.h>
     #include <sys/shm.h>

     int
     shmget(key_t key, int size, int shmflg);

DESCRIPTION

     shmget() returns the shared memory identifier associated with the key key.

     A shared memory segment is created if either key is equal to IPC_PRIVATE, or key does not have a shared memory segment identifier associated
     with it, and the IPC_CREAT bit is set in shmflg.

     If a new shared memory segment is created, the data structure associated with it (the shmid_ds structure, see shmctl(2)) is initialized as
     follows:

     o	 shm_perm.cuid and shm_perm.uid are set to the effective uid of the calling process.

     o	 shm_perm.gid and shm_perm.cgid are set to the effective gid of the calling process.

     o	 shm_perm.mode is set to the lower 9 bits of shmflg.

     o	 shm_lpid, shm_nattch, shm_atime, and shm_dtime are set to 0

     o	 shm_ctime is set to the current time.

     o	 shm_segsz is set to the value of size.

RETURN VALUES

     Upon successful completion a positive shared memory segment identifier is returned.  Otherwise, -1 is returned and the global variable errno
     is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

     [EACESS]		A shared memory segment is already associated with key and the caller has no permission to access it.

     [EEXIST]		Both IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL are set in shmflg, and a shared memory segment is already associated with key.

     [ENOSPC]		A new shared memory indentifier could not be created because the system limit for the number of shared memory identifiers
			has been reached.

     [ENOENT]		IPC_CREAT was not set in shmflg and no shared memory segment associated with key was found.

     [ENOMEM]		There is not enough memory left to created a shared memory segment of the requested size.

SEE ALSO

     shmctl(2), shmat(2), shmdt(2)

BSD
								  August 17, 1995							       BSD

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