10-18-2006
I haven't been a UNIX admin for more than 10 years but here is a very brief synopsis:
/etc/passwd contains UNIX logons, their encrypted passwords perhaps still on some systems, their UID, default GID, what's known as the gecos field (informational), and the user's home directory.
/etc/shadow now days augments the /etc/passwd file by holding the encrypted version of the password.
There are some common accounts on UNIX systems such as root, daemon, bin, sys, lp, etc.
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SHADOW(5) File Formats Manual SHADOW(5)
NAME
shadow - encrypted password file
DESCRIPTION
shadow contains the encrypted password information for user's accounts and optional the password aging information. Included is
Login name
Encrypted password
Days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed
Days before password may be changed
Days after which password must be changed
Days before password is to expire that user is warned
Days after password expires that account is disabled
Days since Jan 1, 1970 that account is disabled
A reserved field
The password field must be filled. The encryped password consists of 13 to 24 characters from the 64 characters alphabet a thru z, A thru
Z, 0 thru 9, . and /. Optionally it can start with a "$" character. This means the encrypted password was generated using another (not DES)
algorithm. For example if it starts with "$1$" it means the MD5-based algorithm was used.
Refer to crypt(3) for details on how this string is interpreted.
The date of the last password change is given as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970. The password may not be changed again until the
proper number of days have passed, and must be changed after the maximum number of days. If the minimum number of days required is greater
than the maximum number of day allowed, this password may not be changed by the user.
An account is considered to be inactive and is disabled if the password is not changed within the specified number of days after the pass-
word expires. An account will also be disabled on the specified day regardless of other password expiration information.
This information supercedes any password or password age information present in /etc/passwd.
This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained.
FILES
/etc/passwd - user account information
/etc/shadow - encrypted user passwords
SEE ALSO
chage(1), login(1), passwd(1), su(1), passwd(5), pwconv(8), pwunconv(8), sulogin(8)
AUTHOR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com)
SHADOW(5)