dc(1)							      General Commands Manual							     dc(1)

NAME

       dc - desk calculator

SYNOPSIS

       [file]

DESCRIPTION

       is  an arbitrary precision arithmetic package.  Ordinarily it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an input base, output base,
       and a number of fractional digits to be maintained.  (See bc(1), a preprocessor for that provides infix notation and a C-like  syntax  that
       implements  functions.  also provides reasonable control structures for programs.)  The overall structure of is a stacking (reverse Polish)
       calculator.  If an argument is given, input is taken from that file until its end, then from the standard input.  An end of file  on  stan-
       dard input or the command stop dc.  The following constructions are recognized:

	      number	     The  value  of the number is pushed on the stack.	A number is an unbroken string of the digits or It can be preceded
			     by an underscore to input a negative number.  Numbers can contain decimal points.

	      The top two values on the stack are added
			     subtracted multiplied divided remaindered or exponentiated The two entries are popped off the stack;  the	result	is
			     pushed  on  the  stack  in  their place.  Any fractional part of an exponent is ignored and a warning generated.  The
			     remainder is calculated according to the current scale factor; it is not the integer  modulus  function.	yields	.1
			     (one tenth) if scale is 1 because is 2.3 with .1 as the remainder.

	      The top of the stack is popped and stored into a register named
			     x, where x can be any character.  If the is capitalized, x is treated as a stack and the value is pushed on it.

	      The value in register
			     x	is  pushed on the stack.  Register x is not altered.  All registers start with zero value.  If the is capitalized,
			     register x is treated as a stack and its top value is popped onto the main stack.

	      The top value on the stack is duplicated.

	      The top value on the stack is printed.
			     The top value remains unchanged.  interprets the top of the stack as an ASCII string, removes it, and prints it.

	      All values on the stack are printed.

	      exits the program.
			     If executing a string, the recursion level is popped by two.  If is capitalized, the top value on the stack is popped
			     and the string execution level is popped by that value.

	      treats the top element of the stack as a character string
			     and executes it as a string of commands.

	      replaces the number on the top of the stack with its scale factor.

	      puts the bracketed
			     ASCII string onto the top of the stack.  Strings can be nested by using nested pairs of brackets.

	      The top two elements of the stack are popped and compared.
			     Register x is evaluated if they obey the stated relation.

	      Replaces the top element on the stack by its square root.
			     Any existing fractional part of the argument is taken into account, but otherwise the scale factor is ignored.

	      Interprets the rest of the line as an
			     HP-UX system command (unless the next character is or in which case appropriate relational operator above is used).

	      All values on the stack are popped.

	      The top value on the stack is popped and used as the
			     number radix for further input.

	      pushes the input base on the top of the stack.

	      The top value on the stack is popped and used
			     as the number radix for further output.  See below for notes on output base.

	      pushes the output base on the top of the stack.

	      the top of the stack is popped, and that value is used as
			     a	non-negative scale factor: the appropriate number of places are printed on output, and maintained during multipli-
			     cation, division, and exponentiation.  The interaction of scale factor, input base, and output base will  be  reason-
			     able if all are changed together.

	      pushes the scale factor on the top of the stack.

	      The stack level is pushed onto the stack.

	      replaces the number on the top of the stack with its length.

	      A line of input is taken from the input source
			     (usually the terminal) and executed.

	      Used by	     for array operations.

	      Generates debugging output for
			     itself.

       The  input  base  may be any number, but only the digits 0-9 and A-F are available for input, thus limiting the usefulness of bases outside
       the range 1-16.	All 16 possible digits may be used in any base; they always take their conventional values.

       The output base may be any number.  Bases in the range of 2-16 generate the "usual" results, with the letters A-F representing  the  values
       from  10  through 16.  Bases 0 and 1 generate a string of whose length is the value of the number.  Base -1 generates a similar string con-
       sisting of Other bases have each "digit" represented as a (multi-digit) decimal number giving the ordinal of that digit.  Each  "digit"	is
       signed  for  negative  bases.  "Digits" are separated by spaces.  Given the definition of output base, the command always yields "10" (in a
       representation appropriate to the base); yields useful information about the output base.

DIAGNOSTICS

       Where			     x is an octal number.

       There are insufficient elements on the stack to do what was asked.

       The free list is exhausted (too many digits).

       Too many numbers are being kept around.

       Too many items are on the stack.

       There are too many levels of nested execution.

EXAMPLES

       This example prints the first ten values of n! (n factorial):

SEE ALSO

       bc(1).

       tutorial in

																	     dc(1)