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Load balancing with IPMP
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ipmpstat(1M) System Administration Commands ipmpstat(1M) NAME
ipmpstat - display IPMP subsystem status SYNOPSIS
ipmpstat [-n] [-o field[,...] [-P]] -a|-g|-i|-p|-t DESCRIPTION
The ipmpstat command concisely displays information about the IPMP subsystem. It supports five different output modes, each of which pro- vides a different view of the IPMP subsystem (address, group, interface, probe, and target), described below. At most one output mode may be specified per invocation, and the displayed information is guaranteed to be self-consistent. It also provides a parseable output format which may be used by scripts to examine the state of the IPMP subsystem. Only basic privileges are needed to invoke ipmpstat, with the exception of probe mode which requires all privileges. OPTIONS
The following options are supported: -a Display IPMP data address information ("address" output mode). -g Display IPMP group information ("group" output mode). -i Display IP interface information ("interface" output mode). -n Display IP addresses numerically, rather than attempting to resolve them to hostnames. This option may be used in any output mode. -o field[,...] Display only the specified output fields, in order. The list of field names is case-insensitive and comma-separated. The field names that are supported depend on the selected output mode, described below. The special field name all may be used to display all fields for a given output mode. -p Display IPMP probe information ("probe" output mode). -t Display IPMP target information ("target" output mode). -P Display using a machine-parseable format, described below. If this option is specified, an explicit list of fields must be specified using the -o option. OUTPUT MODES
The ipmpstat utility supports the output modes listed below. Note that these modes map to some of the options described above. Address Mode Address mode displays the state of all IPMP data addresses on the system. The following output fields are supported: ADDRESS The hostname (or IP address) associated with the information. Note that because duplicate down addresses may exist, the address must be taken together with the GROUP to form a unique identity. For a given IPMP group, if duplicate addresses exist, at most one will be displayed, and an up address will always take precedence. STATE The state of the address. Either up if the address is IFF_UP (see ifconfig(1M)), or down if the address is not IFF_UP. GROUP The IPMP IP interface hosting the address. INBOUND The underlying IP interface that will receive packets for this address. This may change in response to external events such as IP interface failure. If this field is empty, then the system will not accept IP packets sent to this address (for example, because the address is down or because there are no active IP interfaces left in the IPMP group). OUTBOUND The underlying IP interfaces that will send packets using this source address. This may change in response to external events such as IP interface failure. If this field is empty, then the system will not send packets with this address as a source (for example, because the address is down or because there are no active IP interfaces left in the IPMP group). If -o is not specified, all output fields are displayed. Group Mode Group mode displays the state of all IPMP groups on the system. The following output fields are supported: GROUP The IPMP IP interface name associated with the information. For the anonymous group (see in.mpathd(1M)), this field will be empty. GROUPNAME The IPMP group name. For the anonymous group, this field will be empty. STATE The state of the group: ok All interfaces in the group are usable. degraded Some (but not all) interfaces in the group are usable. failed No interfaces in the group are usable. FDT The probe-based failure detection time. If probe-based failure detection is disabled, this field will be empty. INTERFACES The list of underlying IP interfaces in the group. The list is divided into three parts: 1. Active interfaces are listed first and not enclosed in any brackets or parenthesis. Active interfaces are those being used by the system to send or receive data traffic. 2. INACTIVE interfaces are listed next and enclosed in parenthesis. INACTIVE interfaces are those that are functioning, but not being used according to administrative policy. 3. Unusable interfaces are listed last and enclosed in brackets. Unusable interfaces are those that cannot be used at all in their present configuration (for example, FAILED or OFFLINE). If -o is not specified, all output fields are displayed. Interface Mode Interface mode displays the state of all IP interfaces that are tracked by in.mpathd on the system. The following output fields are supported: INTERFACE The IP interface name associated with the information. ACTIVE Either yes or no, depending on whether the IP interface is being used by the system for IP data traffic. GROUP The IPMP IP interface associated with the IP interface. For IP interfaces in the anonymous group (see in.mpathd(1M)), this field will be empty. FLAGS Assorted information about the IP interface: i Unusable due to being INACTIVE. s Marked STANDBY. m Nominated to send/receive IPv4 multicast for its IPMP group. b Nominated to send/receive IPv4 broadcast for its IPMP group. M Nominated to send/receive IPv6 multicast for its IPMP group. d Unusable due to being down. h Unusable due to being brought OFFLINE by in.mpathd because of a duplicate hardware address. LINK The state of link-based failure detection: up The link is up. down The link is down. unknown The network driver does not report link state changes. PROBE The state of probe-based failure detection: ok Probes detect no problems. failed Probes detect failure. unknown Probes cannot be sent since no suitable probe targets are known. disabled Probes have been disabled because a unique IP test address has not been configured. STATE The overall state of the interface: ok The interface is online and functioning properly based on the configured failure detection methods. failed The interface is online but has a link state of down or a probe state of failed. offline The interface is offline. unknown The interface is online but may or may not be functioning because the configured failure detection methods are in unknown states. If -o is not specified, all output fields are displayed. Probe Mode Probe mode displays information about the probes being sent by in.mpathd. Unlike other output modes, this mode runs until explicitly terminated using Ctrl-C. The following output fields are supported: TIME The time the probe was sent, relative to when ipmpstat was started. If the probe was sent prior to starting ipmpstat, the time will be negative. PROBE An identifier representing the probe. The identifier will start at zero and will monotonically increment for each probe sent by in.mpathd over a given interface. To enable more detailed analysis by packet monitoring tools, this identifier matches the icmp_seq field of the ICMP probe packet. INTERFACE The IP interface the probe was sent on. TARGET The hostname (or IP address) of the target the probe was sent to. NETRTT The network round-trip-time for the probe. This is the time between when the IP module sends the probe and when the IP module receives the acknowledgment. If in.mpathd has concluded that the probe has been lost, this field will be empty. RTT The total round-trip-time for the probe. This is the time between when in.mpathd starts executing the code to send the probe, and when it completes processing the ack. If in.mpathd has concluded that the probe has been lost, this field will be empty. Spikes in the total round-trip time that are not present in the network round-trip time indicate that the local system itself is overloaded. RTTAVG The average round-trip-time to TARGET over INTERFACE. This aids identification of slow targets. If there is insufficient data to calculate the average, this field will be empty. RTTDEV The standard deviation for the round-trip-time to TARGET over INTERFACE. This aids identification of jittery targets. If there is insufficient data to calculate the standard deviation, this field will be empty. If -o is not specified, all fields except for RTTAVG and RTTDEV are displayed. Target Mode Target mode displays IPMP probe target information. The following output fields are supported: INTERFACE The IP interface name associated with the information. MODE The probe target discovery mode: routes Probe targets found by means of the routing table. multicast Probe targets found by means of multicast ICMP probes. disabled Probe-based failure detection is disabled. TESTADDR The hostname (or IP address) that will be used for sending and receiving probes. If a unique test address has not been configured, this field will be empty. Note that if an IP interface is configured with both IPv4 and IPv6 test addresses, probe target informa- tion will be displayed separately for each test address. TARGETS A space-separated list of probe target hostnames (or IP addresses), in firing order. If no probe targets could be found, this field will be empty. If -o is not specified, all output fields are displayed. OUTPUT FORMAT
By default, ipmpstat uses a human-friendly tabular format for its output modes, where each row contains one or more fields of information about a given object, which is in turn uniquely identified by one or more of those fields. In this format, a header identifying the fields is displayed above the table (and after each screenful of information), fields are separated by whitespace, empty fields are represented by -- (double hyphens), and other visual aids are used. If the value for a field cannot be determined, its value will be displayed as "?" and a diagnostic message will be output to standard error. Machine-parseable format also uses a tabular format, but is designed to be efficient to programmatically parse. Specifically, machine- parseable format differs from human-friendly format in the following ways: o No headers are displayed. o Fields with empty values yield no output, rather than showing --. o Fields are separated by a single colon (:), rather than variable amounts of whitespace. o If multiple fields are requested, and a literal : or a backslash () occur in a field's value, they are escaped by prefixing them with . EXAMPLES
Example 1 Obtaining Failure Detection Time of a Specific Interface The following code uses the machine-parseable output format to create a ksh function that outputs the failure detection time of a given IPMP IP interface: getfdt() { ipmpstat -gP -o group,fdt | while IFS=: read group fdt; do [[ "$group" = "$1" ]] && { echo "$fdt"; return; } done } ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: /usr/sbin/ipmpstat: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Availability |SUNWcsu | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Interface Stability |Committed | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Machine-Parseable Format |Committed | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Human-Friendly Format |Not-an-Interface | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ /sbin/ipmpstat is not a Committed interface. SEE ALSO
if_mpadm(1M), ifconfig(1M), in.mpathd(1M), attributes(5) SunOS 5.11 10 Feb 2009 ipmpstat(1M)
