checkgid(8) [mojave man page]

CHECKGID(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 					       CHECKGID(8)

NAME

     checkgid -- validate group identifiers

SYNOPSIS

     checkgid group ...

DESCRIPTION

     Given one or more group identifers on the command line (e.g., "httpd" or "#-1"), figure out whether they'll be valid for the server to use at
     run-time.

     If a groupname isn't found, or we can't setgid() to it, return -1.  If all groups are valid, return 0.

     This may need to be run as the superuser for the setgid() to succeed; running it as any other user may result in a false negative.

SEE ALSO

     httpd(8)

BSD
								 October 21, 2008							       BSD

CHROOT(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 						 CHROOT(8)

NAME

     chroot -- change root directory

SYNOPSIS

     chroot [-G group,group,...] [-g group] [-u user] newroot [command]

DESCRIPTION

     The chroot command changes its root directory to the supplied directory newroot and exec's command, or, if not supplied, an interactive copy
     of your shell.

     If the -u, -g, or -G options are given, the user, group, and group list of the process are set to these values after the chroot has taken
     place; see setgid(2), setgroups(2), setuid(2), getgrnam(3), and getpwnam(3).

     Note: command or the shell are run as your real-user-id.

ENVIRONMENT

     The following environment variable is referenced by chroot:

     SHELL  If set, the string specified by SHELL is interpreted as the name of the shell to exec.  If the variable SHELL is not set, /bin/sh is
	    used.

SEE ALSO

     ldd(1), chdir(2), chroot(2), environ(7)

HISTORY

     The chroot utility first appeared in 4.4BSD.

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

     chroot should never be installed setuid root, as it would then be possible to exploit the program to gain root privileges.

BSD
								  August 13, 2011							       BSD