12-04-2012
Once they are sorted you can read them line by line: as they are sorted already you can rely on all the identical key values coming one after the other. The underlying algorithm is a widely used and basic one and called: single group change and it works like this:
You have to remember your last key value. If the key value you read now is identical you are within the same group, so add the other values to sums or whatever you do within your groups.
If the key you read is not identical with the previous one you have to first end your last group - calculate any averages from the sums, etc. - then start with a new group.
Two things to take into account: when you read the first line your group changes (from "" to some value) but you should suppress group end-processing at this point, because otherwise you get a "ghost-group" with an empty key and all values zero/nil. Second, your last line will have to trigger a group change too, because otherwise the last group would not be processed.
I hope this helps.
bakunin
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NEWGRP(1) User Commands NEWGRP(1)
NAME
newgrp - log in to a new group
SYNOPSIS
newgrp [-] [group]
DESCRIPTION
The newgrp command is used to change the current group ID during a login session. If the optional - flag is given, the user's environment
will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains
unchanged.
newgrp changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in /etc/passwd if no group name is given.
newgrp also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a
password (in /etc/shadow if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in /etc/passwd otherwise) and the group does, or if
the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user
is not listed as a member.
If there is an entry for this group in /etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file,
otherwise, the entry in /etc/group is considered.
CONFIGURATION
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
SYSLOG_SG_ENAB (boolean)
Enable "syslog" logging of sg activity.
FILES
/etc/passwd
User account information.
/etc/shadow
Secure user account information.
/etc/group
Group account information.
/etc/gshadow
Secure group account information.
SEE ALSO
id(1), login(1), su(1), sg(1), gpasswd(1), group(5), gshadow(5).
shadow-utils 4.5 01/25/2018 NEWGRP(1)