10 More Discussions You Might Find Interesting
1. UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers
Hello all,
i am trying to match a string and based on that proceed with my script or error out...
i have a file called /tmp/sta.log that will be populated by oracle's spooling..it can
have a output of either 2 of the below (OPEN or errors/ORACLE not avaiable)
$ cat /tmp/sta.log
OPEN
$
$... (2 Replies)
Discussion started by: abdul.irfan2
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2. Shell Programming and Scripting
Hello,
I am working with google ngram data set which is of size 100s of gb. Before using it with Java, I wanted to filter it out using shell script.
Here is a sample line in the file:
2.55 1.57 1992 10 20 30
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3. Shell Programming and Scripting
Hi,
i want to know how to compare string of file with input string
im trying following code:
file_no=`paste -s -d "||||\n" a.txt | cut -c 1`
#it will return collection number from file
echo "enter number"
read " curr_no"
if ; then
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... (4 Replies)
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4. Shell Programming and Scripting
I have a string like ab or abc of whatever length. But i want to know whether another string ( for example, abcfghijkl, OR a<space> bcfghijkl ab<space> cfghijkl OR a<space>bcfghijkl OR ab<space> c<space> fghijkl ) starts with ab or abc... space might existing on the longer string... If so, i... (4 Replies)
Discussion started by: nram_krishna@ya
4 Replies
5. Shell Programming and Scripting
Little lost here, I am trying to search a line for both values after the $ signs. My ultimate goal is to get percertage.
<?php
$string = "Something on sale for $4 and orginal price $10";
$strstr =. strstr($string, '$');
$strrchr =. strrchr($string, '$');
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echo... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: mrlayance
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6. Shell Programming and Scripting
I have a requirement of shell script where i need to read the File name i.e ls -t | head -1 and Match that Filename with some delimited values which are in a separate File.
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7. Shell Programming and Scripting
Hi,
I have to search for a string in a variable.
Say the variable is var1='ERROR: Make java] as enabled'
here i want to match which are in red color. other like abc etc could change.
Can you tell me the exact command something like the below in perl
if ($var1=~ m/ERROR: Make... (3 Replies)
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8. Shell Programming and Scripting
for a certain directory, I want to grep a particular file called ABCD so what I do is
ls /my/dir | grep -i "ABCD" | awk '{print $9}'
however, there is also this file called ABCDEFG, the above command would reurn both file when I only want ABCD, please help! (3 Replies)
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9. Shell Programming and Scripting
Hi guys, I hope you can help me with my problem.
I have a text file that contains lines like this:
78 ANGELO -809.05
79 ANGELO2 -5,000.06
I need to find all occurences of amounts that are negative and replace them with x's
78 ANGELO xxxxxxx
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Discussion started by: amangeles
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10. Shell Programming and Scripting
how to match an alphanumeric string like the following.
i have to do like the following.
if the input line is
the data is {clock_91b}
i have to replace that with
the string was ("clock_91b")
i tried like
$line =~ s/the data is\s+\{(+)\}/the string was \(\"$1\"\)/
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GLOB(7) Linux Programmer's Manual GLOB(7)
NAME
glob - globbing pathnames
DESCRIPTION
Long ago, in UNIX V6, there was a program /etc/glob that would expand wildcard patterns. Soon afterward this became a shell built-in.
These days there is also a library routine glob(3) that will perform this function for a user program.
The rules are as follows (POSIX.2, 3.13).
Wildcard Matching
A string is a wildcard pattern if it contains one of the characters '?', '*' or '['. Globbing is the operation that expands a wildcard
pattern into the list of pathnames matching the pattern. Matching is defined by:
A '?' (not between brackets) matches any single character.
A '*' (not between brackets) matches any string, including the empty string.
Character classes
An expression "[...]" where the first character after the leading '[' is not an '!' matches a single character, namely any of the charac-
ters enclosed by the brackets. The string enclosed by the brackets cannot be empty; therefore ']' can be allowed between the brackets,
provided that it is the first character. (Thus, "[][!]" matches the three characters '[', ']' and '!'.)
Ranges
There is one special convention: two characters separated by '-' denote a range. (Thus, "[A-Fa-f0-9]" is equivalent to "[ABCDE-
Fabcdef0123456789]".) One may include '-' in its literal meaning by making it the first or last character between the brackets. (Thus,
"[]-]" matches just the two characters ']' and '-', and "[--0]" matches the three characters '-', '.', '0', since '/' cannot be matched.)
Complementation
An expression "[!...]" matches a single character, namely any character that is not matched by the expression obtained by removing the
first '!' from it. (Thus, "[!]a-]" matches any single character except ']', 'a' and '-'.)
One can remove the special meaning of '?', '*' and '[' by preceding them by a backslash, or, in case this is part of a shell command line,
enclosing them in quotes. Between brackets these characters stand for themselves. Thus, "[[?*]" matches the four characters '[', '?',
'*' and ''.
Pathnames
Globbing is applied on each of the components of a pathname separately. A '/' in a pathname cannot be matched by a '?' or '*' wildcard, or
by a range like "[.-0]". A range cannot contain an explicit '/' character; this would lead to a syntax error.
If a filename starts with a '.', this character must be matched explicitly. (Thus, rm * will not remove .profile, and tar c * will not ar-
chive all your files; tar c . is better.)
Empty Lists
The nice and simple rule given above: "expand a wildcard pattern into the list of matching pathnames" was the original UNIX definition. It
allowed one to have patterns that expand into an empty list, as in
xv -wait 0 *.gif *.jpg
where perhaps no *.gif files are present (and this is not an error). However, POSIX requires that a wildcard pattern is left unchanged
when it is syntactically incorrect, or the list of matching pathnames is empty. With bash one can force the classical behavior using this
command:
shopt -s nullglob
(Similar problems occur elsewhere. E.g., where old scripts have
rm `find . -name "*~"`
new scripts require
rm -f nosuchfile `find . -name "*~"`
to avoid error messages from rm called with an empty argument list.)
NOTES
Regular expressions
Note that wildcard patterns are not regular expressions, although they are a bit similar. First of all, they match filenames, rather than
text, and secondly, the conventions are not the same: for example, in a regular expression '*' means zero or more copies of the preceding
thing.
Now that regular expressions have bracket expressions where the negation is indicated by a '^', POSIX has declared the effect of a wildcard
pattern "[^...]" to be undefined.
Character classes and Internationalization
Of course ranges were originally meant to be ASCII ranges, so that "[ -%]" stands for "[ !"#$%]" and "[a-z]" stands for "any lowercase let-
ter". Some UNIX implementations generalized this so that a range X-Y stands for the set of characters with code between the codes for X
and for Y. However, this requires the user to know the character coding in use on the local system, and moreover, is not convenient if the
collating sequence for the local alphabet differs from the ordering of the character codes. Therefore, POSIX extended the bracket notation
greatly, both for wildcard patterns and for regular expressions. In the above we saw three types of items that can occur in a bracket
expression: namely (i) the negation, (ii) explicit single characters, and (iii) ranges. POSIX specifies ranges in an internationally more
useful way and adds three more types:
(iii) Ranges X-Y comprise all characters that fall between X and Y (inclusive) in the current collating sequence as defined by the LC_COL-
LATE category in the current locale.
(iv) Named character classes, like
[:alnum:] [:alpha:] [:blank:] [:cntrl:]
[:digit:] [:graph:] [:lower:] [:print:]
[:punct:] [:space:] [:upper:] [:xdigit:]
so that one can say "[[:lower:]]" instead of "[a-z]", and have things work in Denmark, too, where there are three letters past 'z' in the
alphabet. These character classes are defined by the LC_CTYPE category in the current locale.
(v) Collating symbols, like "[.ch.]" or "[.a-acute.]", where the string between "[." and ".]" is a collating element defined for the cur-
rent locale. Note that this may be a multicharacter element.
(vi) Equivalence class expressions, like "[=a=]", where the string between "[=" and "=]" is any collating element from its equivalence
class, as defined for the current locale. For example, "[[=a=]]" might be equivalent to "[aaaaa]", that is, to "[a[.a-acute.][.a-
grave.][.a-umlaut.][.a-circumflex.]]".
SEE ALSO
sh(1), fnmatch(3), glob(3), locale(7), regex(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.44 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2012-07-28 GLOB(7)