UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers

for state in ‘cat $file’

$ cat states
Alabama
Alaska
New Mexico
$ cat test5
file="states"
for state in `cat $file`
do
  echo "Visit beautiful $state"
done
$ ./test5
Visit beautiful Alabama
Visit beautiful Alaska
Visit beautiful New
Visit beautiful Mexico
$ cat test6
file="states"
while read state
do
  echo "Visit beautiful $state"
done < $file
$ ./test6
Visit beautiful Alabama
Visit beautiful Alaska
Visit beautiful New Mexico
$

oldIFS=$IFS IFS="
"
for state in $(cat "$file")
do
  echo "Visit beautiful $state"
done
IFS=$oldIFS

Visit beautiful  Alabama
Visit beautiful  Alaska
Visit beautiful  New Mexico

for state in $(cat "$file")

for state in $(<"$file")