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DHCPCD(8) System Manager's Manual DHCPCD(8) NAME
dhcpcd -- an RFC 2131 compliant DHCP client SYNOPSIS
dhcpcd [-dknpADEGHMLNRSTY] [-c, --script script] [-h, --hostname hostname] [-i, --classid classid] [-l, --leasetime seconds] [-m, --metric metric] [-r, --request address] [-t, --timeout seconds] [-u, --userclass class] [-F, --fqdn FQDN] [-I, --clientid clientid] interface dhcpcd -k, --release interface dhcpcd -x, --exit interface DESCRIPTION
dhcpcd is an implementation of the DHCP client specified in RFC 2131. dhcpcd gets the host information (IP address, routes, etc) from a DHCP server and configures the network interface of the machine on which it is running. dhcpcd will then write DNS information to resolvconf(8), if available, otherwise directly to /etc/resolv.conf. dhcpcd will also configure /etc/yp.conf and /etc/ntpd.conf with NIS and NTP informa- tion if the DHCP server provided them. If those file contents changed, then dhcpcd will also attempt to restart the respective services to notify them of the change. If the hostname is currenly blank, (null) or localhost then dhcpcd will set the hostname to the one supplied by the DHCP server, or look it up in DNS if none supplied. dhcpcd then daemonises and waits for the lease renewal time to lapse. Then it attempts to renew its lease and reconfigure if the new lease changes. Local Link configuration If dhcpcd failed to obtain a lease, it will probe for a valid IPv4LL address (aka Zeroconf, aka APIPA). Once obtained it will probe every 10 seconds for a DHCP server to get a proper address. Even when dhcpcd obtains a proper lease, it will still add a Local Link route (165.254.0.0/16) so that the host can communicate with clients using these addresses. When using IPv4LL, dhcpcd will always succeed and return a 0 exit code. To disable this behaviour, you can use the -L, --noipv4ll option. Hooking into DHCP events dhcpcd will run /etc/dhcpcd.sh, or the script specified by the -c, --script option. It will set $1 to a shell compatible file that holds var- ious configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server and $2 to either up, down or new depending on the state of dhcpcd. dhcpcd ignores the exist code of the script. Fine tuning You can fine tune the behaviour of dhcpcd with the following options :- -d, --debug Echo debug and informational messages to the console. Subsequent debug options stop dhcpcd from daemonising. -h, --hostname hostname By default, dhcpcd will send the current hostname to the DHCP server so it can register in DNS. You can use this option to specify the hostname sent, or an empty string to stop any hostname from being sent. -i, --classid classid Override the DHCP vendor classid field we send. The default is dhcpcd-<version>. -k, --release This causes an existing dhcpcd process running on the interface to release it's lease, deconfigure the interface and then exit. -l, --leasetime seconds Request a specific lease time in seconds. By default dhcpcd does not request any lease time and leaves the it in the hands of the DHCP server. -m, --metric metric Added routes will use the metric on systems where this is supported (presently only Linux). Route metrics allow the addition of routes to the same destination across different interfaces, the lower the metric the more it is preferred. -n, --renew Notifies an existing dhcpcd process running on the interface to renew it's lease. If dhcpcd is not running, then it starts up as nor- mal. -p, --persistent dhcpcd normally deconfigures the interface and configuration when it exits. Sometimes, this isn't desirable if for example you have root mounted over NFS. You can use this option to stop this from happening. -r, --request [address] dhcpcd normally sends a DHCP Broadcast to find servers to offer an address. dhcpcd will then request the address used. You can use this option to skip the broadcast step and just request an address. The downside is if you request an address the DHCP server does not know about or the DHCP server is not authorative, it will remain silent. In this situation, we go back to the init state and broadcast again. If no address is given then we use the first address currently assigned to the interface. -s, --inform [address [/ cidr]] Behaves exactly like -r, --request as above, but sends a DHCP inform instead of a request. This requires the interface to be config- ured first. This does not get a lease as such, just notifies the DHCP server of the address we are using. -t, --timeout seconds Timeout after seconds, instead of the default 20. A setting of 0 seconds causes dhcpcd to wait forever to get a lease. -u, --userclass class Tags the DHCP message with the userclass class. DHCP servers use this give memebers of the class DHCP options other than the default, without having to know things like hardware address or hostname. infinityRequests that the DHCP server updates DNS using FQDN instead of just a hostname. Valid values for fqdn are none, ptr and both. dhcpcd dhcpcd itself never does any DNS updates. -H, ---sethostname Forces dhcpcd to set the hostname as supplied by the DHCP server. Because some OS's and users prefer to have just the hostname, or the full FQDN more -H, ---sethostname options change the behaviour. Below is the list of possible combinations:- -H set the hostname to the full FQDN. -HH strip the domain if it matches the dns domain. -HHH strip the domain regardless. -HHHH same as -H but force hostname lookup via DNS. -HHHHH same as above, but strip the domain if it matches the dns domain. -HHHHHH same as above, but strip the domain regardless. -I, --clientid clientid Send clientid as a client identifier string. If clientid matches a hardware address format, such as 01:00:01:02:03:04:05 then we encode it as that, otherwise as a string. You need to specify the hardware type in the first byte. Ethernet is 01, and the hardware address in the example is 00:01:02:03:04:05. If the clientid is a blank string, then we disable DUID support and use a clientid as shown above. -S, --mscsr Microsoft have their own code for Classless Static Routes (RFC 3442). You can use this option to request this as well as the normal CSR. Another instace of this option only requests the Microsoft CSR to prevent DHCP message over-running its maximum size. DHCP server administrators should update their CSR code from the Microsoft specific one to the RFC compliant one as the content is fully compatible. Restriciting behaviour dhcpcd will try to do as much as it can by default. However, there are sometimes situations where you don't want the things to be configured exactly how the the DHCP server wants. Here are some option that deal with turning these bits off. -A, --noarp Don't request or claim the address by ARP. -G, --nogateway Don't set any default routes. -L, --noipv4ll Don't use IPv4LL at all. -M, --nomtu Don't set the MTU of the interface. -N, --nontp Don't touch /etc/ntpd.conf or restart the ntp service. -R, --nodns Don't send DNS information to resolvconf or touch /etc/resolv.conf. -T, --test On receipt of discover messages, simply print the contents of the DHCP message to the console. dhcpcd will not configure the interface, touch any files or restart any services. -Y, --nonis Don't touch /etc/yp.conf or restart the ypbind service. -D, --nisdomain Forces dhcpcd to set domainname of the host to the domainname option supplied by DHCP server. --netconfig Forces dhcpcd to use the SuSE netconfig tool. This option turn on following options: -N, -R, -Y and sets -c to /etc/sysconfig/network/scripts/dhcpcd-hook. NOTES
Because dhcpcd supports InfiniBand, we put a Node-specific Client Identifier in the ClientID field. This is required by RFC 4390. It's also required for DHCP IPv6 which dhcpcd should support one day. However, some DHCP servers have no idea what this is and reject the message as they do not understand type 255. This is not conformant with RFC 2132 and the server should be fixed. Also, some DHCP server configurations require an ethernet hardware address of 6 hexacdecimal numbers in the ClientID which is the default behaviour of most other DHCP clients. If your DHCP server is as desribed above, you should fix the server, or if that is not an option you can compile DUID support out of dhcpcd or use the -I, --clientid clientid option and set clientid to ''. ISC dhcpd, dnsmasq, udhcpd and Microsoft DHCP server 2003 default configurations work just fine with the default dhcpcd configuration. dhcpcd requires a Berkley Packet Filter, or BPF device on BSD based systems and a Linux Socket Filter, or LPF device on Linux based systems. FILES
/etc/dhcpcd.sh Bourne shell script that is run when we configure or deconfigure an interface. /var/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd.duid Text file that holds the DUID used to identify the host. /var/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-interface.info Bourne shell file that holds the DHCP values used in configuring the interface. This path is passed as the first argument to /etc/dhcpcd.sh. SEE ALSO
ntp(1), resolv.conf(5), resolvconf(8), yp.conf(5), ypbind(8) STANDARDS
RFC 2131, RFC 2132, RFC 2855, RFC 3004, RFC 3361, RFC 3397, RFC 3442, RFC 3927, RFC 4361, RFC 4390, RFC 4702. AUTHORS
Roy Marples <roy@marples.name> BUGS
Please report them to http://bugs.marples.name Feb 20, 2008
