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pcram(7D) pcram(7D)
NAME
pcram - PCMCIA RAM memory card device driver
SYNOPSIS
memory@<socket>/pcram@<technology>,0:c
memory@<socket>/pcram@<technology>,0:c,raw
The PCMCIA RAM memory card device driver supports disk-like I/O access to any standard PCMCIA static random access memory (SRAM) card and
dynamic random access memory (DRAM) card. The driver supports standard PCMCIA SRAM/DRAM cards that contain a Card Information Structure
(CIS). RAM card densities in the 512Kilobytes to 64Mbyte range are supported.
PRECONFIGURATION
If a PC card memory device is recognized, the pcram device driver is automatically loaded, the physical address allocated, and special
files created (if they do not already exist).
Known Problems and Limitations
The Solaris pcmem driver is not capable of handling "combo" memory cards with multiple types of memory on them (for example, combined SRAM
and nonvolatile FLASH). Inserting such a card into a system running the Solaris software may cause a system panic.
Because the PC card memory device is designed as a pseudo-floppy diskette type, the only utility that can be used for formatting is fdfor-
mat(1).
CONFIGURATION
Configuration topics include initial installation and configuration, identifying an unrecognized device, special files, using PC card mem-
ory devices, and hot-plugging.
Initial Installation and Configuration
1. Install the Solaris software.
2. Boot the system.
3. Insert the card.
Identifying an Unrecognized Device
If you insert a memory device and it is not recognized (no special files created), use the prtconf command.
1. Become root.
2. Run the prtconf -D command to display the configuration recognized by the system. A recognized device will appear in the prtconf out-
put. For example:
# prtconf -D
. . .
pcic, instance #0 (driver name: pcic)
. . .
memory, instance #0 (driver name: pcmem)
pcram, instance #0 (driver name: pcram)
3. If your memory device does not appear at the end of the prtconf output, it is not supported and cannot be used with the pcram driver.
Special Files
The special files created for PC card memory devices act like disks and have names in the form /dev/dsk/c#t#d#p# or /dev/dsk/c#t#d#s#.
Abbreviations used in the names are:
o c# Controller #
o t# Card technology type #, defined as follows:
0 Null--no device
1 ROM
2 OTPROM (One Time PROM)
3 UV EPROM
4 EEPROM
5 Flash EPROM
6 SRAM
7 DRAM
o d# Device region of type #, usually zero
o p# fdisk partition #
o s# Solaris slice #
Note - A device name can be specified either by a partition name (p#) or a slice name (s#), but not both.
Using PC Card Memory Devices
Since the Solaris Volume Management software recognizes PC Card memory devices, no special vold configuration is required. If you do not
want to use vold to manage your PC card memory devices, comment out the use pcmem line in the /etc/vold.conf file. To comment out a line,
insert a # character at the beginning of the line.
PC Card memory devices do not need to have file systems on them, though typically, before using a new PC Card memory card, you will want to
create a file system on it. DOS PCFS is the best format to use. (You can use virtually any file system format on a PC card memory card, but
most other file system formats are platform-dependent, making them unsuitable for moving data between different types of machines. See
"Using a PCMCIA Memory Card" in the OpenWindows Advanced User's Guide.)
Note - If you want to redirect the output of a tar command (or dd or cpio) to a PC card memory device, first create a file system on the
card, using the fdformat(1) command without arguments. The card must be reformatted before it can be written on again.
Hot-Plugging
If a memory card is removed while in use, the device driver returns errors until the memory card is inserted into the appropriate socket.
Close and reopen the device with the card reinserted, and the memory card will work.
o If you remove the card while in use as a file system, unmount the file system using the umount command. Then reinsert the card and
remount the file system using the mount command.
o If you remove the card and interrupt a tar or cpio process, stop the process, reinsert the card, and restart the process.
/kernel/drv/pcram pcram driver
/dev/dsk/cntndnsn block files
/dev/rdsk/cntndnsn raw fileswhere:
cn controller n
tn technology type n
0x1ROM,0x2OTPROM,0x3EPROM,
0x4EEPROM,0x5FLASH,0x6SRAM,
0x7DRAM
dn technology region in type n
sn slice n
fdformat(1), pcmcia(7D), dkio(7I), pcmem(7D)
23 Oct 2000 pcram(7D)
