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PT-SHOW-GRANTS(1p) User Contributed Perl Documentation PT-SHOW-GRANTS(1p)
NAME
pt-show-grants - Canonicalize and print MySQL grants so you can effectively replicate, compare and version-control them.
SYNOPSIS
Usage: pt-show-grants [OPTION...] [DSN]
pt-show-grants shows grants (user privileges) from a MySQL server.
Examples:
pt-show-grants
pt-show-grants --separate --revoke | diff othergrants.sql -
RISKS
The following section is included to inform users about the potential risks, whether known or unknown, of using this tool. The two main
categories of risks are those created by the nature of the tool (e.g. read-only tools vs. read-write tools) and those created by bugs.
pt-show-grants is read-only by default, and very low-risk. If you specify "--flush", it will execute "FLUSH PRIVILEGES".
At the time of this release, we know of no bugs that could cause serious harm to users.
The authoritative source for updated information is always the online issue tracking system. Issues that affect this tool will be marked
as such. You can see a list of such issues at the following URL: http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-show-grants
<http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-show-grants>.
See also "BUGS" for more information on filing bugs and getting help.
DESCRIPTION
pt-show-grants extracts, orders, and then prints grants for MySQL user accounts.
Why would you want this? There are several reasons.
The first is to easily replicate users from one server to another; you can simply extract the grants from the first server and pipe the
output directly into another server.
The second use is to place your grants into version control. If you do a daily automated grant dump into version control, you'll get lots
of spurious changesets for grants that don't change, because MySQL prints the actual grants out in a seemingly random order. For instance,
one day it'll say
GRANT DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE ON `test`.* TO 'foo'@'%';
And then another day it'll say
GRANT INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE ON `test`.* TO 'foo'@'%';
The grants haven't changed, but the order has. This script sorts the grants within the line, between 'GRANT' and 'ON'. If there are
multiple rows from SHOW GRANTS, it sorts the rows too, except that it always prints the row with the user's password first, if it exists.
This removes three kinds of inconsistency you'll get from running SHOW GRANTS, and avoids spurious changesets in version control.
Third, if you want to diff grants across servers, it will be hard without "canonicalizing" them, which pt-show-grants does. The output is
fully diff-able.
With the "--revoke", "--separate" and other options, pt-show-grants also makes it easy to revoke specific privileges from users. This is
tedious otherwise.
OPTIONS
This tool accepts additional command-line arguments. Refer to the "SYNOPSIS" and usage information for details.
--ask-pass
Prompt for a password when connecting to MySQL.
--charset
short form: -A; type: string
Default character set. If the value is utf8, sets Perl's binmode on STDOUT to utf8, passes the mysql_enable_utf8 option to DBD::mysql,
and runs SET NAMES UTF8 after connecting to MySQL. Any other value sets binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs SET NAMES
after connecting to MySQL.
--config
type: Array
Read this comma-separated list of config files; if specified, this must be the first option on the command line.
--database
short form: -D; type: string
The database to use for the connection.
--defaults-file
short form: -F; type: string
Only read mysql options from the given file. You must give an absolute pathname.
--drop
Add DROP USER before each user in the output.
--flush
Add FLUSH PRIVILEGES after output.
You might need this on pre-4.1.1 servers if you want to drop a user completely.
--[no]header
default: yes
Print dump header.
The header precedes the dumped grants. It looks like:
-- Grants dumped by pt-show-grants 1.0.19
-- Dumped from server Localhost via UNIX socket, MySQL 5.0.82-log at 2009-10-26 10:01:04
See also "--[no]timestamp".
--help
Show help and exit.
--host
short form: -h; type: string
Connect to host.
--ignore
type: array
Ignore this comma-separated list of users.
--only
type: array
Only show grants for this comma-separated list of users.
--password
short form: -p; type: string
Password to use when connecting.
--pid
type: string
Create the given PID file. The file contains the process ID of the script. The PID file is removed when the script exits. Before
starting, the script checks if the PID file already exists. If it does not, then the script creates and writes its own PID to it. If
it does, then the script checks the following: if the file contains a PID and a process is running with that PID, then the script dies;
or, if there is no process running with that PID, then the script overwrites the file with its own PID and starts; else, if the file
contains no PID, then the script dies.
--port
short form: -P; type: int
Port number to use for connection.
--revoke
Add REVOKE statements for each GRANT statement.
--separate
List each GRANT or REVOKE separately.
The default output from MySQL's SHOW GRANTS command lists many privileges on a single line. With "--flush", places a FLUSH PRIVILEGES
after each user, instead of once at the end of all the output.
--set-vars
type: string; default: wait_timeout=10000
Set these MySQL variables. Immediately after connecting to MySQL, this string will be appended to SET and executed.
--socket
short form: -S; type: string
Socket file to use for connection.
--[no]timestamp
default: yes
Add timestamp to the dump header.
See also "--[no]header".
--user
short form: -u; type: string
User for login if not current user.
--version
Show version and exit.
DSN OPTIONS
These DSN options are used to create a DSN. Each option is given like "option=value". The options are case-sensitive, so P and p are not
the same option. There cannot be whitespace before or after the "=" and if the value contains whitespace it must be quoted. DSN options
are comma-separated. See the percona-toolkit manpage for full details.
o A
dsn: charset; copy: yes
Default character set.
o D
dsn: database; copy: yes
Default database.
o F
dsn: mysql_read_default_file; copy: yes
Only read default options from the given file
o h
dsn: host; copy: yes
Connect to host.
o p
dsn: password; copy: yes
Password to use when connecting.
o P
dsn: port; copy: yes
Port number to use for connection.
o S
dsn: mysql_socket; copy: yes
Socket file to use for connection.
o u
dsn: user; copy: yes
User for login if not current user.
ENVIRONMENT
The environment variable "PTDEBUG" enables verbose debugging output to STDERR. To enable debugging and capture all output to a file, run
the tool like:
PTDEBUG=1 pt-show-grants ... > FILE 2>&1
Be careful: debugging output is voluminous and can generate several megabytes of output.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
You need Perl, DBI, DBD::mysql, and some core packages that ought to be installed in any reasonably new version of Perl.
BUGS
For a list of known bugs, see http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-show-grants <http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-show-grants>.
Please report bugs at https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-toolkit <https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-toolkit>. Include the following
information in your bug report:
o Complete command-line used to run the tool
o Tool "--version"
o MySQL version of all servers involved
o Output from the tool including STDERR
o Input files (log/dump/config files, etc.)
If possible, include debugging output by running the tool with "PTDEBUG"; see "ENVIRONMENT".
DOWNLOADING
Visit http://www.percona.com/software/percona-toolkit/ <http://www.percona.com/software/percona-toolkit/> to download the latest release of
Percona Toolkit. Or, get the latest release from the command line:
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.rpm
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.deb
You can also get individual tools from the latest release:
wget percona.com/get/TOOL
Replace "TOOL" with the name of any tool.
AUTHORS
Baron Schwartz
ABOUT PERCONA TOOLKIT
This tool is part of Percona Toolkit, a collection of advanced command-line tools developed by Percona for MySQL support and consulting.
Percona Toolkit was forked from two projects in June, 2011: Maatkit and Aspersa. Those projects were created by Baron Schwartz and
developed primarily by him and Daniel Nichter, both of whom are employed by Percona. Visit <http://www.percona.com/software/> for more
software developed by Percona.
COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY
This program is copyright 2007-2011 Baron Schwartz, 2011-2012 Percona Inc. Feedback and improvements are welcome.
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License. On UNIX and similar systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man
perlartistic' to read these licenses.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
VERSION
pt-show-grants 2.1.2
perl v5.14.2 2012-06-15 PT-SHOW-GRANTS(1p)
