CC(1) General Commands Manual CC(1)
NAME
cc - C compiler
SYNOPSIS
cc [-STOUfcimos] [-w[aos]] [-v[n]] [-Dname]* [-Idir]* [-Ldir]* file+ [-lname]*
OPTIONS
-D The flag -Dx[=y] defines a macro x with (optional) value y
-I -Idir searches dir for include files
-L -Ldir searches dir for -lname libraries
-O Optimize the code
-S Produce an assembly code file, then stop
-T The flag -Tdir tells cc and as to use dir for temporary files
-U Undefine a macro
-E Preprocess to standard output
-c Compile only. Do not link
-f Link with floating point emulation library
-i Use separate I & D space (64K + 64K) ( only)
-l The flag -lname causes the library libname.a to be linked
-m Remove unnecessary prototypes after preprocessing ( only)
-o Put output on file named by next arg
-s Strip the symbol-table from executable file
-v Verbose; print pass names
-vn Verbose; print pass names but do not run them
-w Suppress warning messages
-ws Suppress strict messages
-wa Suppress all warning and strict messages
-wo Suppress messages about old-style
-.o Do not link the default run-time start-off
EXAMPLES
cc -c file.c # Compile file.c
cc -DFOO file.c # Treat the symbol FOO as defined
cc -wo -o out file.c
# Compile old-style code; output to out
DESCRIPTION
This is the C compiler. It has eight passes, as follows:
Program Input Output Operation performed
lib/ncpp prog.c prog.i C preprocessor: #include, #define, #ifdef
lib/irrel prog.i prog.i Removal of unnecessary prototypes
lib/ncem prog.i prog.k Parsing and semantic analysis
lib/nopt prog.k prog.m Optimization of the intermediate code
lib/ncg prog.m prog.s Code generation
bin/as prog.s prog.o Assembly
lib/ld prog.o prog.out Linking
lib/cv prog.out a.outConversion to MINIX a.out format
In the 68000 versions of MINIX , the preprocessor is not called since the front-end contains the preprocessor. This increases compilation
speed.
The main program, cc , forks appropriately to call the passes, transmitting flags and arguments. The -v flag causes the passes to be
listed as they are called, and the -vn flag causes the passes to be listed but not called.
The libraries should be made with aal (which is the same as ar on the 68000 versions), and consist of .o files. The internal order of
files inside the library is unimportant, but the order in which the libraries are specified is.
When -T is used, the intermediate files end up in the directory specified. Otherwise, /tmp is used. When available memory is very limited
(e.g., a 512K machine), it may be necessary to run chmem to reduce the sizes of the compiler passes that do not fit, typically ncem .
On the other hand, if the compiler (or, in fact, almost any program) begins acting strange, it is almost always due to its running out of
space, either stack space or scratch file space. The relevant pass can be given more stack space using chmem . More space for scratch
files can be obtained by removing other files on the device.
If the compiler runs out of memory, it may be necessary to use the -m flag. This causes irrel to be run, which removes unnecessary proto-
types and thus frees up extra table space within the compiler. Beware, however, that running this pass may cause strictly conforming pro-
grams to become non-conforming and vice versa, so you should only run this pass as a last resort.
The compiler is derived from the ACK system (Tanenbaum et al., Communications of the ACM, Sept. 1983), not from the AT&T portable C com-
piler. It has been shoehorned onto the PC with some loss of performance.
SEE ALSO
make(1).
CC(1)