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OVAL Interpreter 5.5.3 (Default branch)
10-01-2008
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OSCAP(8) System Administration Utilities OSCAP(8) NAME
oscap - OpenSCAP command line tool SYNOPSIS
oscap [general-options] module operation [operation-options-and-arguments] DESCRIPTION
oscap is Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) toolkit based on OpenSCAP library. It provides various functions for different SCAP specifications(modules). OpenSCAP tool claims to provide capabilities of Authenticated Configuration Scanner and Authenticated Vulnerability Scanner as defined by The National Institute of Standards and Technology. GENERAL OPTIONS
-V, --version Print supported SCAP specification, location of schema files, schematron files, CPE files, probes and supported OVAL objects. Dis- plays a list of inbuilt CPE names. -h, --help Help screen. MODULES
info Determine type and print information about a file. xccdf The eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format. oval Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language. ds SCAP Data Stream cpe Common Platform Enumeration. cvss Common Vulnerability Scoring System cve Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures INFO OPERATIONS
any-scap-file.xml This module prints information about SCAP content in a file specified on a command line. It determines SCAP content type, specifica- tion version, date of creation, date of import and so on. Info module doesn't require any additional opperation switch. For XCCDF or Datastream files, info module prints out IDs of incorporated profiles, components, and datastreams. These IDs can be used to specify the target for evaluation. Use options --profile, --xccdf-id (or --oval-id), and --datastream-id respectively. XCCDF OPERATIONS
eval [options] INPUT_FILE [oval-definitions-files] Perform evaluation of XCCDF document file given as INPUT_FILE. Print result of each rule to standard output, including rule title, rule id and security identifier(CVE, CCE). Optionally you can give a source datastream as the INPUT_FILE instead of an XCCDF file (see --datastream-id). oscap returns 0 if all rules pass. If there is an error during evaluation, the return code is 1. If there is at least one rule with either fail or unknown result, oscap-scan finishes with return code 2. Unless --skip-valid is used, the INPUT_FILE is validated using XSD schemas (depending on document type of INPUT_FILE) and rejected if invalid. You may specify OVAL Definition files as the last parameter, XCCDF evaluation will then proceed only with those specified files. Otherwise, when oval-definitions-files parameter is missing, oscap tool will try to load all OVAL Definition files referenced from XCCDF automatically (search in the same path as XCCDF). --profile PROFILE Select a particular profile from XCCDF document. --tailoring-file TAILORING_FILE Use given file for XCCDF tailoring. If both --tailoring-file and --tailoring-id are specified, --tailoring files takes prior- ity! --tailoring-id COMPONENT_ID Use component of given ID (in input source datastream) for XCCDF tailoring. If both --tailoring-file and --tailoring-id are specified, --tailoring files takes priority! --cpe CPE_FILE Use given CPE dictionary or language (auto-detected) for applicability checks. (Some CPE names are provided by openscap, see oscap --version for Inbuilt CPE names) --results FILE Write XCCDF results into FILE. --results-arf FILE Writes results to a given FILE in Asset Reporting Format. It is recommended to use this option instead of --results when dealing with datastreams. --report FILE Write HTML report into FILE. You also have to specify --results for this feature to work. Please see --oval-results to enable additional information in the report. --oval-results Generate OVAL Result file for each OVAL session used for evaluation. File with name 'original-oval-definitions-file- name.result.xml' will be generated for each referenced OVAL file in current working directory. This option (in conjunction with the --report option) also enables inclusion of additional OVAL information in the XCCDF report. To change the directory where OVAL files are generated change the CWD using the `cd` command. --check-engine-results After evaluation is finished, each loaded check engine plugin is asked to export its results. The export itself is plugin specific, please refer to documentation of the plugin for more details. --export-variables Generate OVAL Variables documents which contain external variables' values that were provided to the OVAL checking engine during evaluation. The filename format is 'original-oval-definitions-filename-session-index.variables-variables-index.xml'. --datastream-id ID Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given datastream collection. If not given the first datastream is used. Only applies if you give source datastream in place of an XCCDF file. --xccdf-id ID Takes component ref with given ID from checklists. This allows to select a particular XCCDF component even in cases where there are 2 XCCDFs in one datastream. If none is given, the first component from the checklists element is used. --benchmark-id ID Selects a component ref from any datastream that references a component with XCCDF Benchmark such that its @id attribute matches given string exactly. Please note that this is not the recommended way of selecting a component-ref. You are advised to use --xccdf-id AND/OR --datastream-id for more precision. --benchmark-id is only used when both --xccdf-id and --datas- tream-id are not present on the command line! --skip-valid Do not validate input/output files. --fetch-remote-resources Allow download of remote OVAL content referenced from XCCDF by check-content-ref/@href. --remediate Execute XCCDF remediatation in the process of XCCDF evaluation. This option automatically executes content of XCCDF fix ele- ments for failed rules, and thus this shall be avoided unless for trusted content. Use of this option is always at your own risk. remediate [options] INPUT_FILE [oval-definitions-files] This module provides post-scan remediation. It assumes that the INPUT_FILE is result of `oscap xccdf eval` operation. The input file must contain TestResult element. This module executes XCCDF fix elements for failed rule-result contained in the given TestResult. Use of this option is always at your own risk and it shall be avoided unless for trusted content. --result-id ID ID of the XCCDF TestResult element which shall be remediated. If this option is missing the last TestResult (in top-down pro- cessing) will be remediated. --skip-valid Do not validate input/output files. --fetch-remote-resources Allow download of remote OVAL content referenced from XCCDF by check-content-ref/@href. --cpe CPE_FILE Use given CPE dictionary or language (auto-detected) for applicability checks. --results FILE Write XCCDF results into FILE. --results-arf FILE Writes results to a given FILE in Asset Reporting Format. It is recommended to use this option instead of --results when dealing with datastreams. --report FILE Write HTML report into FILE. You also have to specify --results for this feature to work. --oval-results Generate OVAL Result file for each OVAL session used for evaluation. File with name 'original-oval-definitions-file- name.result.xml' will be generated for each referenced OVAL file. This option (with conjunction with the --report option) also enables inclusion of additional OVAL information in the XCCDF report. --check-engine-results After evaluation is finished, each loaded check engine plugin is asked to export its results. The export itself is plugin specific, please refer to documentation of the plugin for more details. --export-variables Generate OVAL Variables documents which contain external variables' values that were provided to the OVAL checking engine during evaluation. The filename format is 'original-oval-definitions-filename-session-index.variables-variables-index.xml'. resolve -o output-file xccdf-file Resolve an XCCDF file as described in the XCCDF specification. It will flatten inheritance hierarchy of XCCDF profiles, groups, rules, and values. Result is another XCCDF document, which will be written to output-file. --force Force resolving XCCDF document even if it is already marked as resolved. validate [options] xccdf-file Validate given XCCDF file against a XML schema. Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to some error, 2 if the XCCDF document is not valid. export-oval-variables [options] xccdf-file [oval-definitions-files] Collect all the XCCDF values that would be used by OVAL during evaluation of a certain profile and export them as OVAL external- variables document(s). The filename format is 'original-oval-definitions-filename-session-index.variables-variables-index.xml'. --profile PROFILE Select a particular profile from XCCDF document. --fetch-remote-resources Allow download of remote OVAL content referenced from XCCDF by check-content-ref/@href. --skip-valid Do not validate input/output files. --datastream-id ID Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given datastream collection. If not given the first datastream is used. Only applies if you give source datastream in place of an XCCDF file. --xccdf-id ID Takes component ref with given ID from checklists. This allows to select a particular XCCDF component even in cases where there are 2 XCCDFs in one datastream. --cpe CPE_FILE Use given CPE dictionary or language (auto-detected) for applicability checks. The variables documents are created only for xccdf:Rules which are applicable. generate [options] <submodule> [submodule-specific-options] Generate another document form an XCCDF file such as security guide or result report. --profile ID Apply profile with given ID to the Benchmark before further processing takes place. --format FMT Specify output format. This option applies only on document generators (i.e. guide, report). Available formats: html (default), docbook. Available submodules: guide [options] xccdf-file Generate a formatted document containing a security guide from a XCCDF Benchmark. Unless the --output option is specified it will be written to the standard output. Without profile being set only groups (not rules) will be included in the output. --output FILE Write the guide to this file instead of standard output. --hide-profile-info Information on chosen profile (e.g. rules selected by the profile) will be excluded from the document. report [options] xccdf-file Generate a document containing results of a XCCDF Benchmark execution. Unless the --output option is specified it will be written to the standard output. ID of the TestResult element to visualise defaults to the most recent result (according to the end-time attribute). --output FILE Write the report to this file instead of standard output. --result-id ID ID of the XCCDF TestResult from which the report will be generated. --show what Specify what result types shall be displayed in the result report. The default is to show everything except for rules with results notselected and notapplicable. The what part is a comma-separated list of result types to display in addition to the default. If result type is prefixed by a dash '-', it will be excluded from the results. If what is prefixed by an equality sign '=', a following list specifies exactly what rule types to include in the report. Result types are: pass, fixed, notchecked, notapplicable, notselected, informational, unknown, error, fail. --oval-template template-string To use the ability to include additional information from OVAL in xccdf result file, a template which will be used to obtain OVAL result file names has to be specified. The template can be either a filename or a string containing wild- card character (percent sign '%'). Wildcard will be replaced by the original OVAL definition file name as referenced from the XCCDF file. This way it is possible to obtain OVAL information even from XCCDF documents referencing several OVAL files. To use this option with results from an XCCDF evaluation, specify %.result.xml as a OVAL file name tem- plate. fix [options] xccdf-file Generate a script that shall bring the system to a state of compliance with given XCCDF Benchmark. --output FILE Write the report to this file instead of standard output. --result-id ID Fixes will be generated for failed rule-results of the specified TestResult. --template ID|FILE Template to be used to generate the script. If it contains a dot '.' it is interpreted as a location of a file with the template definition. Otherwise it identifies a template from standard set which currently includes: bash (default if no --template switch present). Brief explanation of the process of writing your own templates is in the XSL file xsl/fix.xsl in the openscap data directory. You can also take a look at the default template xsl/fixtpl-bash.xml. custom --stylesheet xslt-file [options] xccdf-file Generate a custom output (depending on given XSLT file) from an XCCDF file. --stylesheet FILE Specify an absolute path to a custom stylesheet to format the output. --output FILE Write the document into file. OVAL OPERATIONS
eval [options] INPUT_FILE Probe the system and evaluate all definitions from OVAL Definition file. Print result of each definition to standard output. The return code is 0 after a successful evaluation. On error, value 1 is returned. INPUT_FILE can be either OVAL Definition File or SCAP Source Datastream, it depends on used options. Unless --skip-valid is used, the INPUT_FILE is validated using XSD schemas (depending on document type of INPUT_FILE) and rejected if invalid. --id DEFINITION-ID Evaluate ONLY specified OVAL Definition from OVAL Definition File. --variables FILE Provide external variables expected by OVAL Definition File. --directives FILE Use OVAL Directives content to specify desired results content. --results FILE Write OVAL Results into file. --report FILE Create human readable (HTML) report from OVAL Results. --datastream-id ID Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given datastream collection. If not given the first datastream is used. Only applies if you give source datastream in place of an OVAL file. --oval-id ID Takes component ref with given ID from checks. This allows to select a particular OVAL component even in cases where there are 2 OVALs in one datastream. --skip-valid Do not validate input/output files. collect [options] definitions-file Probe the system and gather system characteristics for all objects in OVAL Definition file. --id OBJECT-ID Collect system characteristics ONLY for specified OVAL Object. --variables FILE Provide external variables expected by OVAL Definitions. --syschar FILE Write OVAL System Characteristic into file. --skip-valid Do not validate input/output files. analyse [options] --results FILE definitions-file syschar-file In this mode, the oscap tool does not perform data collection on the local system, but relies upon the input file, which may have been generated on another system. The output (OVAL Results) is printed to file specified by --results parameter. --variables FILE Provide external variables expected by OVAL Definitions. --directives FILE Use OVAL Directives content to specify desired results content. --skip-valid Do not validate input/output files. validate [options] oval-file Validate given OVAL file against a XML schema. Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to some error, 2 if the OVAL document is not valid. --definitions, --variables, --syschar, --results --directives Type of the OVAL document is automatically detected by default. If you want enforce certain document type, you can use one of these options. --schematron Turn on Schematron-based validation. It is able to find more errors and inconsistencies but is much slower. generate <submodule> [submodule-specific-options] Generate another document form an OVAL file. Available submodules: report [options] oval-results-file Generate a formatted HTML page containing visualisation of an OVAL results file. Unless the --output option is specified it will be written to the standard output. --output FILE Write the report to this file instead of standard output. list-probes [options] List supported object types (i.e. probes) --static List all probes defined in the internal tables. --dynamic List all probes supported on the current system (this is default behavior). --verbose Be verbose. CPE OPERATIONS
check name Check whether name is in correct CPE format. match name dictionary.xml Find an exact match of CPE name in the dictionary. validate cpe-dict-file Validate given CPE dictionary file against a XML schema. Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to some error, 2 if the XCCDF document is not valid. CVSS OPERATIONS
score cvss_vector Calculate score from a CVSS vector. Prints base score for base CVSS vector, base and temporal score for temporal CVSS vector, base and temporal and environmental score for environmental CVSS vector. describe cvss_vector Describe individual components of a CVSS vector in a human-readable format and print partial scores. CVSS vector consists of several slash-separated components specified as key-value pairs. Each key can be specified at most once. Valid CVSS vector has to contain at least base CVSS metrics, i.e. AV, AC, AU, C, I, and A. Following table summarizes the components and possible val- ues (second column is metric category: B for base, T for temporal, E for environmental): AV:[L|A|N] B Access vector: Local, Adjacent network, Network AC:[H|M|L] B Access complexity: High, Medium, Low AU:[M|S|N] B Required authentication: Multiple instances, Single instance, None C:[N|P|C] B Confidentiality impact: None, Partial, Complete I:[N|P|C] B Integrity impact: None, Partial, Complete A:[N|P|C] B Availability impact: None, Partial, Complete E:[ND|U|POC|F|H] T Exploitability: Not Defined, Unproven, Proof of Concept, Functional, High RL:[ND|OF|TF|W|U] T Remediation Level: Not Defined, Official Fix, Temporary Fix, Workaround, Unavailable RC:[ND|UC|UR|C] T Report Confidence: Not Defined, Unconfirmed, Uncorroborated, Confirmed CDP:[ND|N|L|LM|MH|H] E Collateral Damage Potential: Not Defined, None, Low, Low-Medium, Medium-High, High TD:[ND|N|L|M|H] E Target Distribution: Not Defined, None, Low, Medium, High CR:[ND|L|M|H] E Confidentiality requirement: Not Defined, Low, Medium, High IR:[ND|L|M|H] E Integrity requirement: Not Defined, Low, Medium, High AR:[ND|L|M|H] E Availability requirement: Not Defined, Low, Medium, High DS OPERATIONS
sds-compose SOURCE_XCCDF TARGET_SDS Creates a source datastream from the XCCDF file given in SOURCE_XCCDF and stores the result in TARGET_SDS. Dependencies like OVAL files are automatically detected and bundled in target source datastream. sds-add [options] NEW_COMPONENT EXISTING_SDS Adds given NEW_COMPONENT file to the existing source datastream (EXISTING_SDS). Component file might be OVAL, XCCDF or CPE Dictio- nary file. Dependencies like OVAL files are automatically detected an bundled in target source datastream. --datastream-id DATASTREAM_ID Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given datastream collection. If not given the first datastream is used. sds-split [options] SOURCE_DS TARGET_DIR Splits given source datastream into multiple files and stores all the files in TARGET_DIR. --datastream-id DATASTREAM_ID Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given datastream collection. If not given the first datastream is used. --xccdf-id XCCDF_ID Takes component ref with given ID from checklists. This allows to select a particular XCCDF component even in cases where there are 2 XCCDFs in one datastream. sds-validate SOURCE_DS Validate given source datastream file against a XML schema. Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to some error, 2 if the source datastream is not valid. rds-create SDS TARGET_ARF XCCDF_RESULTS [OVAL_RESULTS [OVAL_RESULTS ..]] Takes given source datastream, XCCDF and OVAL results and creates a result datastream (in Asset Reporting Format) and saves it to file given in TARGET_ARF. rds-split [--report-id REPORT_ID] RDS TARGET_DIR Takes given result datastream (also called ARF = asset reporting format) and splits given report and its respective report-request to given target directory. If no report-id is given, we assume user wants the first applicable report in top-down order in the file. rds-validate SOURCE_RDS Validate given result datastream file against a XML schema. Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to some error, 2 if the result datastream is not valid. CVE OPERATIONS
validate cve-nvd-feed.xml Validate given CVE data feed. find CVE cve-nvd-feed.xml Find given CVE in data feed and report base score, vector string and vulnerable software list. EXIT STATUS
Normally, the exit status is 0 when operation finished successfully and 1 otherwise. In cases when oscap performs evaluation of the system it may return 2 indicating success of the operation but incompliance of the assessed system. EXAMPLES
Evaluate XCCDF content using CPE dictionary and produce html report. In this case we use United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Desktop. oscap xccdf eval --fetch-remote-resources --oval-results --profile united_states_government_configuration_baseline --report usgcb-rhel5desktop.report.html --results usgcb-rhel5desktop-xccdf.xml.result.xml --cpe usgcb-rhel5desktop-cpe-dictionary.xml usgcb-rhel5desktop-xccdf.xml CONTENT
National Vulnerability Database - http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/ncp/repository Red Hat content repository - http://www.redhat.com/security/data/oval/ REPORTING BUGS
Please report bugs using https://fedorahosted.org/openscap/ Make sure you include the full output of `oscap --v` in the bug report. AUTHORS
Peter Vrabec <pvrabec@redhat.com> imon Lukaik Martin Preisler <mpreisle@redhat.com> Red Hat Dec 2012 OSCAP(8)