Answer to your first question:
When you login, the various commands in the .profile are run. This may include setting the path, the prompt, and a host of other things. An example .profile:
The above file will set the PATH and the MANPATH variables in the environment and run the fortune program. This is the way that the .profile and the env variables are linked. It is just a convenient way to customize your environment.
I didn't get the second question. I mean, when you run a script, the various commands in the script are executed. What more?
DESCRIPTION
env obtains the current environment, modifies it according to its
arguments, then executes the command with the modified environment.
Arguments of the form name=value are merged into the inherited
environment before the command is executed. The -i option causes the
inherited environment to be ignored completely so that the command is
executed with exactly the environment specified by the arguments.
The simplest form of the command is to just run 'env'. This will give you the current environment, which may be used by various commands when they execute. In the more complicated form, the env command can be used to set a specified variable with the given value and that modified variable used in the environment when executing the specified command.
To understand what the above paragraph says, let us take an example (this is for ksh):
The above example shows how env can be used to temporarily change the environment for the duration of a single command, without actually modifying the value of the variable.
1) The 'env' command does not read from a file, the environment is stored in the memory. From the man page of environ:
Quote:
The environment of a process is accessible from C by using the global
variable:
char **environ;
2) The use of the 'list of things' that we get from the 'env' command has been explained above, to set the various environment variables, you have to use shell specific syntax.
For sh:
For ksh,bash:
For csh,tcsh:
I think that this answers both your questions. Also, read the man pages of env and environ for more indepth explainations.
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