Shell Programming and Scripting

$ cat file
name, city, zipcode, state
checking,the, lengthof, string

$ awk -F, 'BEGIN {split("5,6,7,8",len,",");  OFS=","}
NR==1{split($0,P,",")}
NR>1{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) if(length($i) > len[i]) {$i = substr($i,1,len[i]); arr=arr?arr" "P[i]:P[i]}
if (arr) {$(NF+1)=" Fields "arr" exceed the length."; arr=""}
}1' file

name, city, zipcode, state
check,the, length, string, Fields name  zipcode exceed the length.

arr?True:False