Code:
$ cat file
20421910011240720090525233138000020000000000A000000050298032Boavista 02000000800
20421910000889420090525075812000001000000000A000000130155245Praia 10000014700
20421910002863720090525103836000001000000000A000000070128094Sal 10000014800
20421910003524020090525112959000001000000000A000000010746168Praia 10000014900
20421910003616520090525113544000001000000000A000000020185311Sao Vicente 10000015000
20421910003807620090525114955000001000000000A000000130155277Praia 10000015100
$ awk -v p="1,2,4,8,14,10,5,1,10,5,15,9,1,1" '
BEGIN { n=split(p,pos,",");b=1 }
{ for(i=1;i<=n;i++) {
printf("%s%c",substr($0,b,pos[i]),i==n?"\n":",")
b+=pos[i]
}
b=1
}' file
2,04,2191,00112407,20090525233138,0000200000,00000,A,0000000502,98032,Boavista ,020000008,0,0
2,04,2191,00008894,20090525075812,0000010000,00000,A,0000001301,55245,Praia ,100000147,0,0
2,04,2191,00028637,20090525103836,0000010000,00000,A,0000000701,28094,Sal ,100000148,0,0
2,04,2191,00035240,20090525112959,0000010000,00000,A,0000000107,46168,Praia ,100000149,0,0
2,04,2191,00036165,20090525113544,0000010000,00000,A,0000000201,85311,Sao Vicente ,100000150,0,0
2,04,2191,00038076,20090525114955,0000010000,00000,A,0000001301,55277,Praia ,100000151,0,0
$
$