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Didn't you say you're doing a step by step debug?
Try

sed "s/\(JUL\)/XXX/" fileRead your sed version's man page!

You're missing a / at the end of your s command:


/home/oracle/>/usr/xpg4/bin/sed "s/\(JUN\|JUL\|AUG\)/$NEWDATE/" test4.txt

You'll have to debug stepwise. What be the result of

sed "s/\(JUN\|JUL\|AUG\)/XXXX/" file?
And yes, try /usr/xpg4/bin/sed (NOT bib !).

Does your OS provide other sed versions?



For debugging, try to restrict yourself to match the months only. You may want to apply vgersh99's proposal as well to get rid of the {2}.

OK, then, try to write the months verbatim explicitly and escape parentheses, pipes, and braces:
sed "s/[0-3][0-9]-\(JUN\|JUL\|AUG\)-[12][09][0-9]\{2\}/$NEWDATE/" file

How specific the date regex has to be? Is it OK to match 31-FEB? Any condidtions for the year, e.g. only 20xx, or 19xx as well? Does your sed handle EREs? Try
NEWDATE=01-OCT-2019
sed -r...