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Don, @vgersh99 gave me a hint in a PM and using that I think, I have got the output I desired using the following awk code:

awk 'FNR==NR{f1[$1]=$2;next} $1 in f1 {print $0,f1[$1]}' first.txt...

Thanks @bakunin for the detailed explanation regarding join. I also realized that my original question wasn't clear and I didn't really need to compare the files or capture the data in an array. I...

To clarify, the third.txt file is what I expect as output and I just put that out for illustration purposes. Reg my attempts: I tried capturing the the data in the first file data in an awk...

I have two files (first.txt and second.txt):

more first.txt

cat mammal

lizard reptile

Elephant mammal

ant Insecta



more second.txt

...