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awk -F"," 'NR==1{n=NF}NF<=n{n=NF}END{print n}' file

bash

IFS="," read -a arr <"file"
t=${#arr[@]}
while IFS="," read -a line
do
n=${#line[@]}
[ "$n" -lt "$t" ] && t="$n"
done < "file"
echo "lowest count: $t"