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Yep, you are correct, i missed $ in the example :( .

here is the corrections for 2nd example
IFS=$'\n' ##blank lines preserved?
for line in $(cat $FILENAME);do
echo "each line $line"...

FILENAME="file.txt"
#while loop
while read line; do
echo "each line $line"
done < $FILENAME


##For Loop
for line in (cat $FILENAME);do
echo "each line $line"
done
...

If really don't want to use -v option with egpre or grep to exclude the lines containing CAT|MAT|DAT strings, then as per my knowledge the best option to use is sed

sed '/string/d' filename
...

I have modified the script on the same below link, OR condition(|) was missing for one of the statement - copy paste type error, apologies for the same. Tested working very well
Perl - Need a Perl...

I have posted Perl code you are looking in the below link, can refer the same
Perl - Need a Perl code for the below input and output...

Yes, we can build XML file by using Perl module XML::Writer,
here is the link for more details with script
XML - Convert CSV file into XML file in Perl...

check this
unix - Create symbolic link into a directory pointing into another directory...

Can do this using for loop in directory
for file in `ls *files.txt`
do
newfile=$file"_new"
cat $file | sed 's/klp//g' >$newfile
done

find . -mtime +5 | xargs ls -ltr

alternatively

find . -mtime +5 -exec ls {} \;

We can pass variable to Awk, refer link
path="xyzabc"

awk -v dir="$path" '{print $4 " " $3 " " dir}'http://exceptiongeek.com/questions/question/1/How-to-use-shell-variables-in-awk-script

echo 2014120320141123 | awk '{print substr($0,length-6,length)}'