I use Ubuntu 10.4, and I installed GNUStep, Gorm (a gui builder) and ProjectCenter (the GNU alternative to Xcode) because I want to develop Objective-C apps. I opened the ProjectCenter and I created an application that displays only an empty window. I sourced the GNUstep.sh and I compiled the app.
I ran it, but there is only the menu bar. No window.
The terminal which I used to run the app showed the following message:
Thank you for any help.
Hey guys!
To avoid :wall: for another 5 hours, I'm posting here to hopefully resolve this silly issue once and for all. I'd appreciate if you could simply provide the full makefile I should use, and then explain what does what. I've been studying dissected examples for hours now and none of it's... (3 Replies)
I hope this is the right place to post this and that I can get some help. I pretty much suck at troubleshooting build issues.
we are running oracle red-hat linux 2.6.32-200.20.1.el5uek #1 SMP Fri Oct 7 02:29:42 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
trying to build the latest stable version of... (3 Replies)
Hello,
I am writing to ask for support about compiling an very old but famous C-progam for genetics study called MapMaker/QTL, and the source code is available from MIT:
http://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/distribution/software/mapmaker3/The program was originally designed for systems like SunOS... (1 Reply)
I am trying to compile some code and getting lot of errors
g++ -traditional -Wno-non-template-friend -Wno-deprecated -O3 -DNDEBUG -DREAL=float -DGetREAL=Getfloat -IbaseLib -Itommy -Iothers ./source/main/RayTrac.cc -o raytrac
./source/main/RayTrac.cc:36:20: error: gendef.h: No such file or... (1 Reply)
if somebody can help me pls.
i need the source code for a shell which compiles C or java programs in unix
i need a very short and simple one, just the compiling part
Respect (2 Replies)
here is the very simple bob.c:
main()
{
printf("hello");
}
i use tiger and i use the command:
gcc bob.c
and the end result:
bob.c: In function ‘main':
bob.c:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function /‘printf'
any help appreciated, i'm just starting... (4 Replies)
Help
I know nothing about c programming. :confused:
I want to compile the below c program. It extracts data from an oracle database into csv files.
I have oracle 9206 installed with ProC. I dont have gcc
My question is. How the hell do I make this into an file I can run? I am pulling... (3 Replies)
Hello. I am trying to run a c program on a unix shell (ssh). I have searched this forum but have not come accross the soultion to my problem, so I am posting my question here :cool:
I wrote the following simple code:
#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
... (7 Replies)
Hi All,
I tried to compile a C program but i am getting error while Linking . it says Undefined reference to ' ' (here it gives a method name which is defined Globally ).
Can any body tell the resaon and remedy for the same . Iam stuck up here .
Thanks (3 Replies)
library-combo(7) GNUstep System Manual library-combo(7)NAME
library-combo - GNUstep Make support for cross-compilation.
DESCRIPTION
This manual page is about cross-compilation and fat binaries. Fat binaries are packages that you can supply which contain more the one
binary of your program (e.g. your application). So you can support multiple platforms with a single package.
To support this your system has to be built in a non-flattened way. Meaning that during the installation of gnustep-make you should have
selected --disable-flattened and the types of library combinations you want to support, through the --with-library-combo option. With
library combinations we mean the Objective-C runtime, the Foundation library and the Application library. For more details about this see
the LIBRARY-COMBO section.
If you installed your GNUstep system in a non-flattened way all system dependend binaries are installed in subdirectories with
cpu/os/library-combo information. That means for instance that the gnustep-base library will be installed in
Library/Libraries/ix86/linux/gnu-gnu-gnu/ when you are on an Intel x86 system, running linux with the GNU runtime for Objective-C and you
installed GNUstep.
For each and every library-combo that you want to support you should create the environment through gnustep-make, because it installs a
different config.make to support its own CC, OPTFLAGS, etc. flags.
LIBRARY-COMBO
An important issue is to let to a package the ability to deal with various libraries and configurations available now:
Objective-C runtimes
In the Objective-C world there are three major runtimes: the NeXT runtime, the Apple runtime and the GNU runtime (both with and
without garbage collection enabled). They are different in several respects and a program or library that works at the runtime level
should be aware of them.
Foundation libraries
There are several Foundation libraries an application or tool can be written on top of: NeXT Foundation library which runs on
NeXTStep/OPENSTEP systems, gnustep-base, libFoundation and Apple Cocoa system.
Graphical interfaces
Until now three libraries provide or try to provide OpenStep compliant systems: the AppKit from NeXT, gnustep-gui and Cocoa from
Apple.
If a program wants to work with all the possible combinations it will have to provide different binaries for each combination because it's
not possible to have a tool compiled for NeXT Foundation that runs with gnustep-base or vice-versa. To summarize, a program can be compiled
for these combinations:
Objective-C runtime
nx (for NeXT), gnu (for GNU without garbage collection), gnugc (for GNU with garbage collection), apple (for Apple)
Foundation library
nx (for NeXT), gnu (for gnustep-base), fd (for libFoundation), apple (for Apple Cocoa)
GUI library
nx (for NeXT), gnu (for gnustep-gui), apple (for Apple Cocoa)
We'll denote the fact that an application was compiled for a certain combination of the above values by using the abbreviations of the dif-
ferent subsystems and placing dashes between them. For example an application compiled for NeXT Foundation using NeXT AppKit will have the
compile attribute nx-nx-nx. An application compiled for Apple Cocoa with the GNU compiler for Objective-C gnu-apple-apple and another one
compiled for gnustep-base using gnustep-gui under Unix will be denoted by gnu-gnu-gnu. Here is a list of some of the possible combinations:
Runtime Foundation GUI
nx nx nx
nx fd gnu
gnu gnu gnu
gnu fd gnu
gnugc gnu gnu
gnugc fd gnu
apple apple apple
apple gnu gnu
Note that one can choose his/her own packages to build; it is not required to have all the packages installed on the system. Not having all
of them installed limits only the ability to build and distribute binaries for those missing combinations.
DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
For cross-compilation in a non-flattened directory structure is recommended, so that you can store on the same directory structure binaries
for different machines. The standard GNUstep filesystem layout is normally used when a non-flattened directory structure is being used;
this is obtained with the --with-layout=gnustep option when configuring gnustep-make. The entire GNUstep installation is then created
inside /usr/GNUstep (or another directory if you use the --prefix=... option when configuring gnustep-make). Directories that contain
binaries (such as the Libraries directory) inside /usr/GNUstep are then set up to support fat binaries as follows:
Libraries/
ix86/
linux-gnu/
gnu-gnu-gnu/
libgnustep-base.so
libgnustep-gui.so
gnu-fd-gnu/
libFoundation.so
libgnustep-gui.so
To allow the right libraries to be found, you need to source GNUstep.sh before using GNUstep, and you need to start up your application by
using openapp, which will locate the right binary for your library combo.
BUILDING FOR A LIBRARY-COMBO
The makefile package will allow the user to choose between different library combinations. To specify a combination you want to compile for
just type:
$ make library_combo=library-combo
For instance if you want to choose to compile using the GNUstep's Foundation implementation and use the GNUstep GUI library on a GNU/Linux
machine you can do like this:
$ make library_combo=gnu-gnu-gnu
If your project requires running configure before compiling there are two issues you have to keep in mind. 'configure' is used to determine
the existence of particular header files and/or of some specific functionality in the system header files. This thing is usually done by
creating a config.h file which contains a couple of defines like HAVE_... which say if the checked functionality is present or not.
Another usage of configure is to determine some specific libraries to link against to and/or some specific tools. A typical GNUstep program
is not required to check for additional libraries because this step is done by the time the makefile package is installed. If the project
still needs to check for additional libraries and/or tools, the recommended way is to output a config.mak file which is included by the
main GNUmakefile, instead of using Makefile.in files which are modified by configure. The reason for not doing this is to avoid having the
makefiles contain target dependencies like above, this way keeping only one makefile instead of several for each target machine.
The makefile package is written for GNU make because it provides some very powerful features that save time both in writing the package but
also at runtime, when you compile a project.
BUILDING FOR AN ARCHITECTURE
In order to build a project for multiple architectures you'll need the development environment for the target machine installed on your
machine. This includes a cross-compiler together with all the additional tools like the assembler and linker, the target header files and
all the libraries you need.
The GNUstep makefile package should be able to compile and link an application for another machine just by typing
$ make target=target-triplet
where target-triplet is the canonical system name as reported by config.guess.
USING A LIBRARY-COMBO
When you use library-combos, you must always source GNUstep.sh. That allows you to switch library paths on the fly. If you want to switch
to a different library-combo in your shell, and if you are using bash, it's common to first source GNUstep-reset.sh to reset all shell
variables, then to source GNUstep.sh again. Let's assume we use gnu-gnu-gnu as our current LIBRARY_COMBO and we want to switch to
gnugc-gnu-gnu, then we would use:
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep-reset.sh
export LIBRARY_COMBO=gnugc-gnu-gnu
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
SEE ALSO debugapp(1), GNUstep(7), gnustep-config(1), openapp(1)HISTORY
Work on gnustep-make started in 1997 by Scott Christley <scottc@net-community.com>.
Version 2.0.0 of gnustep-make introduced many changes with previous releases, which was mainly the work of Nicola Pero <nicola.pero@meta-
innovation.com>
AUTHORS
This man-page was written by Dennis Leeuw <dleeuw@made-it.com> based on the DESIGN document from the gnustep-make source tree.
CREDITS
The DESIGN document was written by Ovidiu Predescu.
This work could only be as is due to the notes and corrects from Nicola Pero <nicola.pero@meta-innovation.com>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.
gnustep-make 20/12/2007 library-combo(7)