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Count as zero if 1st column is empty, and don't count header and trailor.

awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="|"} {if ($1=="") {a[$0]=0} else {a[$0]++};b[NR]=$0}
END {print b[1]; for (i=2;i<NR;i++)...

From anchal_khare solution :awk '
BEGIN { FS=OFS="|" }
NR==1 {
first=$1
}
{
count[$1]++;
last =$1;
key[NR] =$1;
rec[NR] =$0;
}
END {
count[first]--;
...

# uniq -c infile | sed 's/ *\(.*\) \(.*\)/\2|\1|/'
FHDR|ABC|20100607||1|
|ABC|8453|CDE|E166|||||1|
123|ABC|8453|CDE|E166|||||2|
111|ABC|8453|CDE|E166|||||1|
124|ABC|8453|CDE|E166|||||2|...

Not sure how efficient is this, still you can try

awk -F "|" '{a[$1]++;b[NR]=$0;c[NR]=$1} END{ for (i=1;i<=FNR;i++) { if (i!=1 && i!=FNR) {print b[i]"|"a[c[i]]"|"} else { print b[i] }}}' file