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awk '/^Continent/{h=$0;}!/Continent/{print h" "$0;}'
A small inconsistent with this.
It should be
awk '/^Continent/{h=$0;}!/^Continent/{print h" "$0;}'
or
awk...

awk '/^Continent/{h=$0;}!/Continent/{print h" "$0;}' input.txt

Here is one way to do it. This script doesn't require sorted input. The required format for the file specifying the names of the columns in the output matrix is described in the comments:...

This will fill in the missing zeros. This doesn't require the input to be sorted, but it does require all entries in the input with the same value for the first field to be adjacent:
awk -F "|"...

If your input file is sorted such that the records with the same first field are always together, then this should work:


awk -F \| '
$1 != last {
if( hold )
print...