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. means 'run this program inside your own shell'. This allows it to set variables inside your shell, which wouldn't be possible if you ran a script with ./scriptname -- when you create a new process...

# Load Java configuration.

[ -r /etc/java/java.conf ] \ # what is in between [] is a condition expression, -r expects
a file after which is the case here and is true if it exists...

Have look at the manual page for test

Does that make it any clearer? It's better for you to learn it than for me to just tell you an answer, but I will happily do so if it still doesn't make...