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You're welcome! There are many ways of coding the same solution. My last suggestion is just a different approach. I was focussing on the error message, also because there was no input file specified...

I wanted to help you find the problem with the awk script you were writing, but that does not mean it cannot be done with awk.
Would this be more in the direction?
awk -F,...

Hi, there should be double quotes around "%s". To get the space you can use printf "%s" $1 OFS ; or use printf "%s " $1;

awk '{ v=substr($0, 48,10)+0; print substr($0,1,7),substr($0,8,30),v,substr($0,59,4)substr($0,64,2)substr($0,67,2)OFS}' OFS='|' a.txt

sed 's:0:|0:;s:ccyy-mm-dd0*:|:;s:P:|:;s:-::g;s:[A-Z]*$:|:' a.txt$ cat a.txt
123456701234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrsccyy-mm-dd0000000001Pccyy-mm-ddABCDEFGH...

$ awk '{ v=substr($0, 48,10); gsub("^0*","",v); print substr($0,1,7)"|"substr($0,8,30)"|" v "|"substr($0,59,4)substr($0,64,2)substr($0,67,2)"|"}' file ...

gsub dosn't return a string result, it updates variable in place so do gsub on your variable before the print.

awk '{ v=substr($0, 48,10); gsub("^0*","",v);
print...