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Try:
awk '
{
A[$1]++
B[$1]+=$2
C[$1]=C[$1] (C[$1]==""?x:"+") $2
}
END{
for(i in A) print i, A[i], B[i], C[i]
}
' OFS='\t' file

Trywhile read col1 col2 col3 rest
do
case $col3 in
(white) printf "%s\n%s\n" "*colors are random: yes" "*colors are light: yes";;
(brown) printf "%s\n%s\n" "*colors are dark: no"...

Yes >> is "append to file", but cat is not needed.
print "white" >> insert.txt
or, as Rudi suggested, redirect the output of the whole loop
while ...
do
...
done >> insert.txt