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In an awk script or a shell script it is used as a logical and operator:
awk : if ($1=="A" && $2=="B") {print $3}

In shell command lines (or scripts) it is also used to create a multiple...

No, it isn't. Note that there is no such thing as a "meaning of <whatever> in UNIX" and this is where your confusion perhaps comes from.

When you write the following in a shell script:

if [...

The -a operand is deprecated in the POSIX standard. The recommended way is to use the && operator like so (leaving the variable expansions unquoted, like in your example):

if [ $a ] && [ $b ]...