Mac OS X 10.5 or later: Connecting to an 802.1X/WEP network with a saved 802.1X profi
If you have created an 802.1X profile which includes a saved WEP password, when selecting the 802.1X profile from either the AirPort Menu Extra or selecting Connect from Network System Preferences, you may be prompted for the password even though it has already been saved.
hi everyone
does anybodey know an 802.1x open source authenticator?
i found hostpad and open1x but since im so so so new to freeBSD i do NOT know how to configure and use them ? can you help me please ?
thanks a lot ... (1 Reply)
hi everyone
does anybodey know an 802.1x open source authenticator?
i found hostpad and open1x but since im so so so new to freeBSD i do NOT know how to configure and use them ? can you help me please ?
thanks a lot ... (0 Replies)
I'm new to networking world. So please bear with me.
My Questions:
1. How do we send TCP/IP in a 802.3 frame? My understanding is that we have to incorporate the 802.3 LLC layer. The DSAP and SSAP in the LLC layer will provide information of the type of data inside the Information field of... (0 Replies)
My question is such:
I want to control the bandwidth of my users and cap there speed on the network. I was told by a Cisco rep that it is better to police or control the bandwidth at the switch and not via the router. It that the correct place to control bandwidth at the switch or would it be... (0 Replies)
I have a server I would like to disable 802.3x flow control on. The host is Linux (CentOS 4.4 x86_64 w/ 2.6.9-42.0.3.EL kernel,) and I'm using the ns83820 driver for the ethernet interface in question.
I've tried looking at the driver parameters (modinfo ns83820) and using ethtool (ethtool -a... (0 Replies)
WPA_BACKGROUND(8)WPA_BACKGROUND(8)NAME
wpa_background - Background information on Wi-Fi Protected Access and IEEE 802.11i
WPA
The original security mechanism of IEEE 802.11 standard was not designed to be strong and has proven to be insufficient for most networks
that require some kind of security. Task group I (Security) of IEEE 802.11 working group (http://www.ieee802.org/11/) has worked to address
the flaws of the base standard and has in practice completed its work in May 2004. The IEEE 802.11i amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard
was approved in June 2004 and published in July 2004.
Wi-Fi Alliance (http://www.wi-fi.org/) used a draft version of the IEEE 802.11i work (draft 3.0) to define a subset of the security
enhancements that can be implemented with existing wlan hardware. This is called Wi-Fi Protected Access<TM> (WPA). This has now become a
mandatory component of interoperability testing and certification done by Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi provides information about WPA at its web
site (http://www.wi-fi.org/OpenSection/protected_access.asp).
IEEE 802.11 standard defined wired equivalent privacy (WEP) algorithm for protecting wireless networks. WEP uses RC4 with 40-bit keys,
24-bit initialization vector (IV), and CRC32 to protect against packet forgery. All these choices have proven to be insufficient: key space
is too small against current attacks, RC4 key scheduling is insufficient (beginning of the pseudorandom stream should be skipped), IV space
is too small and IV reuse makes attacks easier, there is no replay protection, and non-keyed authentication does not protect against bit
flipping packet data.
WPA is an intermediate solution for the security issues. It uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) to replace WEP. TKIP is a compro-
mise on strong security and possibility to use existing hardware. It still uses RC4 for the encryption like WEP, but with per-packet RC4
keys. In addition, it implements replay protection, keyed packet authentication mechanism (Michael MIC).
Keys can be managed using two different mechanisms. WPA can either use an external authentication server (e.g., RADIUS) and EAP just like
IEEE 802.1X is using or pre-shared keys without need for additional servers. Wi-Fi calls these "WPA-Enterprise" and "WPA-Personal", respec-
tively. Both mechanisms will generate a master session key for the Authenticator (AP) and Supplicant (client station).
WPA implements a new key handshake (4-Way Handshake and Group Key Handshake) for generating and exchanging data encryption keys between the
Authenticator and Supplicant. This handshake is also used to verify that both Authenticator and Supplicant know the master session key.
These handshakes are identical regardless of the selected key management mechanism (only the method for generating master session key
changes).
IEEE 802.11I / WPA2
The design for parts of IEEE 802.11i that were not included in WPA has finished (May 2004) and this amendment to IEEE 802.11 was approved
in June 2004. Wi-Fi Alliance is using the final IEEE 802.11i as a new version of WPA called WPA2. This includes, e.g., support for more
robust encryption algorithm (CCMP: AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC) to replace TKIP and optimizations for handoff (reduced number of mes-
sages in initial key handshake, pre-authentication, and PMKSA caching).
SEE ALSO wpa_supplicant(8)LEGAL
wpa_supplicant is copyright (c) 2003-2007, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi> and contributors. All Rights Reserved.
This program is dual-licensed under both the GPL version 2 and BSD license. Either license may be used at your option.
07 November 2012 WPA_BACKGROUND(8)
