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LEARN ABOUT OPENSOLARIS
visudo
VISUDO(1m) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS VISUDO(1m)
NAME
visudo - edit the sudoers file
SYNOPSIS
visudo [-c] [-q] [-s] [-V] [-f sudoers]
DESCRIPTION
visudo edits the sudoers file in a safe fashion, analogous to vipw(1m). visudo locks the sudoers file against multiple simultaneous edits,
provides basic sanity checks, and checks for parse errors. If the sudoers file is currently being edited you will receive a message to try
again later.
There is a hard-coded list of editors that visudo will use set at compile-time that may be overridden via the editor sudoers Default vari-
able. This list defaults to the path to vi(1) on your system, as determined by the configure script. Normally, visudo does not honor the
VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned editors list. However, if visudo is configured
with the --with-enveditor flag or the env_editor Default variable is set in sudoers, visudo will use any the editor defines by VISUAL or
EDITOR. Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to execute any program they wish simply by setting VISUAL or EDI-
TOR.
visudo parses the sudoers file after the edit and will not save the changes if there is a syntax error. Upon finding an error, visudo will
print a message stating the line number(s) where the error occurred and the user will receive the "What now?" prompt. At this point the
user may enter "e" to re-edit the sudoers file, "x" to exit without saving the changes, or "Q" to quit and save changes. The "Q" option
should be used with extreme care because if visudo believes there to be a parse error, so will sudo and no one will be able to sudo again
until the error is fixed. If "e" is typed to edit the sudoers file after a parse error has been detected, the cursor will be placed on
the line where the error occurred (if the editor supports this feature).
OPTIONS
visudo accepts the following command line options:
-c Enable check-only mode. The existing sudoers file will be checked for syntax and a message will be printed to the standard output
detailing the status of sudoers. If the syntax check completes successfully, visudo will exit with a value of 0. If a syntax error is
encountered, visudo will exit with a value of 1.
-f Specify and alternate sudoers file location. With this option visudo will edit (or check) the sudoers file of your choice, instead of
the default, /etc/sudoers. The lock file used is the specified sudoers file with ".tmp" appended to it.
-q Enable quiet mode. In this mode details about syntax errors are not printed. This option is only useful when combined with the -c
flag.
-s Enable strict checking of the sudoers file. If an alias is used before it is defined, visudo will consider this a parse error. Note
that it is not possible to differentiate between an alias and a hostname or username that consists solely of uppercase letters, digits,
and the underscore ('_') character.
-V The -V (version) option causes visudo to print its version number and exit.
ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables are used only if visudo was configured with the --with-env-editor option:
VISUAL Invoked by visudo as the editor to use
EDITOR Used by visudo if VISUAL is not set
FILES
/etc/sudoers List of who can run what
/etc/sudoers.tmp Lock file for visudo
DIAGNOSTICS
sudoers file busy, try again later.
Someone else is currently editing the sudoers file.
/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied
You didn't run visudo as root.
Can't find you in the passwd database
Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file.
Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ...
Either you are using a {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias before defining it or you have a user or hostname listed that consists solely of
uppercase letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character. If the latter, you can ignore the warnings (sudo will not complain).
In -s (strict) mode these are errors, not warnings.
Warning: runas_default set after old value is in use ...
You have a runas_default Defaults setting listed in the sudoers file after its value has already been used. This means that entries
prior to the runas_default setting will match based on the default value of runas_default (root) whereas entries after the
runas_default setting will match based on the new value. This is usually unintentional and in most cases the <runas_default> setting
should be placed before any Runas_Alias or User specifications. In -s (strict) mode this is an error, not a warning.
SEE ALSO
vi(1), sudoers(4), sudo(1m), vipw(8)
AUTHOR
Many people have worked on sudo over the years; this version of visudo was written by:
Todd Miller
See the HISTORY file in the sudo distribution or visit http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html for more details.
CAVEATS
There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if the editor used by visudo allows shell escapes.
BUGS
If you feel you have found a bug in visudo, please submit a bug report at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/
SUPPORT
Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-users to subscribe or
search the archives.
DISCLAIMER
visudo is provided ``AS IS'' and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantabil-
ity and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the LICENSE file distributed with sudo or
http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html for complete details.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+--------------------+----------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+--------------------+----------------------+
|Availability | SUNWsudor, SUNWsudou |
+--------------------+----------------------+
|Interface Stability | Uncommitted |
+--------------------+----------------------+
NOTES
sudo does not create audit(2) records; for a Role Based administration solution that performs auditing of all actions, please refer to
rbac(5).
Source for sudo is available on http://opensolaris.org.
1.6.9p17 Jun 21, 2008 VISUDO(1m)
New Version of SUDO