XTERM(1) General Commands Manual XTERM(1)
NAME
xterm - terminal emulator for X
SYNOPSIS
xterm [-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...] [shell]
DESCRIPTION
The xterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window System. It provides DEC VT102/VT220 (VTxxx) and Tektronix 4014 compatible termi-
nals for programs that cannot use the window system directly. If the underlying operating system supports terminal resizing capabilities
(for example, the SIGWINCH signal in systems derived from 4.3bsd), xterm will use the facilities to notify programs running in the window
whenever it is resized.
The VTxxx and Tektronix 4014 terminals each have their own window so that you can edit text in one and look at graphics in the other at the
same time. To maintain the correct aspect ratio (height/width), Tektronix graphics will be restricted to the largest box with a 4014's
aspect ratio that will fit in the window. This box is located in the upper left area of the window.
Although both windows may be displayed at the same time, one of them is considered the ``active'' window for receiving keyboard input and
terminal output. This is the window that contains the text cursor. The active window can be chosen through escape sequences, the ``VT
Options'' menu in the VTxxx window, and the ``Tek Options'' menu in the 4014 window.
EMULATIONS
The VT102 emulation is fairly complete, but does not support autorepeat. Double-size characters are displayed properly if your font server
supports scalable fonts. The VT220 emulation does not support soft fonts, it is otherwise complete. Termcap(5) entries that work with
xterm include an optional platform-specific entry, ``xterm,'' ``vt102,'' ``vt100'' and ``ansi,'' and ``dumb.'' xterm automatically
searches the termcap file in this order for these entries and then sets the ``TERM'' and the ``TERMCAP'' environment variables. You may
also use ``vt220,'' but must set the terminal emulation level with the decTerminalID resource. (The ``TERMCAP'' environment variable is
not set if xterm is linked against a terminfo library, since the requisite information is not provided by the termcap emulation of terminfo
libraries).
Many of the special xterm features may be modified under program control through a set of escape sequences different from the standard
VT102 escape sequences. (See the Xterm Control Sequences document.)
The Tektronix 4014 emulation is also fairly good. It supports 12-bit graphics addressing, scaled to the window size. Four different font
sizes and five different lines types are supported. There is no write-through or defocused mode support. The Tektronix text and graphics
commands are recorded internally by xterm and may be written to a file by sending the COPY escape sequence (or through the Tektronix menu;
see below). The name of the file will be ``COPYyyyy-MM-dd.hh:mm:ss'', where yyyy, MM, dd, hh, mm and ss are the year, month, day, hour,
minute and second when the COPY was performed (the file is created in the directory xterm is started in, or the home directory for a login
xterm).
Not all of the features described in this manual are necessarily available in this version of xterm. Some (e.g., the non-VT220 extensions)
are available only if they were compiled in, though the most commonly-used are in the default configuration.
OTHER FEATURES
Xterm automatically highlights the text cursor when the pointer enters the window (selected) and unhighlights it when the pointer leaves
the window (unselected). If the window is the focus window, then the text cursor is highlighted no matter where the pointer is.
In VT102 mode, there are escape sequences to activate and deactivate an alternate screen buffer, which is the same size as the display area
of the window. When activated, the current screen is saved and replaced with the alternate screen. Saving of lines scrolled off the top
of the window is disabled until the normal screen is restored. The termcap(5) entry for xterm allows the visual editor vi(1) to switch to
the alternate screen for editing and to restore the screen on exit. A popup menu entry makes it simple to switch between the normal and
alternate screens for cut and paste.
In either VT102 or Tektronix mode, there are escape sequences to change the name of the windows. Additionally, in VT102 mode, xterm imple-
ments the window-manipulation control sequences from dtterm, such as resizing the window, setting its location on the screen.
Xterm allows character-based applications to receive mouse events (currently button-press and release events, and button-motion events) as
keyboard control sequences. See Xterm Control Sequences for details.
OPTIONS
The xterm terminal emulator accepts the standard X Toolkit command line options as well as many application-specific options. If the
option begins with a `+' instead of a `-', the option is restored to its default value. The -version and -help options are interpreted
even if xterm cannot open the display, and are useful for testing and configuration scripts:
-version
This causes xterm to print a version number to the standard output.
-help This causes xterm to print out a verbose message describing its options, one per line. The message is written to the standard out-
put. Xterm generates this message, sorting it and noting whether a "-option" or a "+option" turns the feature on or off, since
some features historically have been one or the other. Xterm generates a concise help message (multiple options per line) when an
unknown option is used, e.g.,
xterm -z
If the logic for a particular option such as logging is not compiled into xterm, the help text for that option also is not dis-
played by the -help option.
One parameter (after all options) may be given. That overrides xterm's built-in choice of shell program. Normally xterm checks the SHELL
variable. If that is not set, xterm tries to use the shell program specified in the password file. If that is not set, xterm uses
/bin/sh. If the parameter names an executable file, xterm uses that instead. The parameter must be an absolute path, or name a file found
on the user's PATH (and thereby construct an absolute path). The -e option cannot be used with this parameter since it uses all parameters
following the option.
The other options are used to control the appearance and behavior. Not all options are necessarily configured into your copy of xterm:
-132 Normally, the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence that switches between 80 and 132 column mode is ignored. This option causes the DEC-
COLM escape sequence to be recognized, and the xterm window will resize appropriately.
-ah This option indicates that xterm should always highlight the text cursor. By default, xterm will display a hollow text cursor
whenever the focus is lost or the pointer leaves the window.
+ah This option indicates that xterm should do text cursor highlighting based on focus.
-ai This option disables active icon support if that feature was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to setting the vt100 resource
activeIcon to ``false''.
+ai This option enables active icon support if that feature was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to setting the vt100 resource
activeIcon to ``true''.
-aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should be allowed. This allows the cursor to automatically wrap to the beginning of the
next line when it is at the rightmost position of a line and text is output.
+aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should not be allowed.
-b number
This option specifies the size of the inner border (the distance between the outer edge of the characters and the window border) in
pixels. That is the vt100 internalBorder resource. The default is 2.
+bc turn off text cursor blinking. This overrides the cursorBlink resource.
-bc turn on text cursor blinking. This overrides the cursorBlink resource.
-bcf milliseconds
set the amount of time text cursor is off when blinking via the cursorOffTime resource.
-bcn milliseconds
set the amount of time text cursor is on when blinking via the cursorOffTime resource.
-bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to ``false'', disabling the display of characters with bold attribute as color
+bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to ``true'', enabling the display of characters with bold attribute as color rather than bold
-cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to ``false''.
+cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to ``true''.
-cc characterclassrange:value[,...]
This sets classes indicated by the given ranges for using in selecting by words. See the section specifying character classes.
and discussion of the charClass resource.
-cjk_width
Set the cjkWidth resource to ``true''. When turned on, characters with East Asian Ambiguous (A) category in UTR 11 have a column
width of 2. Otherwise, they have a column width of 1. This may be useful for some legacy CJK text terminal-based programs assum-
ing box drawings and others to have a column width of 2. It also should be turned on when you specify a TrueType CJK double-width
(bi-width/monospace) font either with -fa at the command line or faceName resource. The default is ``false''
+cjk_width
Reset the cjkWidth resource.
-class string
This option allows you to override xterm's resource class. Normally it is ``XTerm'', but can be set to another class such as
``UXTerm'' to override selected resources.
-cm This option disables recognition of ANSI color-change escape sequences. It sets the colorMode resource to ``false''.
+cm This option enables recognition of ANSI color-change escape sequences. This is the same as the vt100 resource colorMode.
-cn This option indicates that newlines should not be cut in line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline resource to ``false''.
+cn This option indicates that newlines should be cut in line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline resource to ``true''.
-cr color
This option specifies the color to use for text cursor. The default is to use the same foreground color that is used for text. It
sets the cursorColor resource according to the parameter.
-cu This option indicates that xterm should work around a bug in the more(1) program that causes it to incorrectly display lines that
are exactly the width of the window and are followed by a line beginning with a tab (the leading tabs are not displayed). This
option is so named because it was originally thought to be a bug in the curses(3x) cursor motion package.
+cu This option indicates that xterm should not work around the more(1) bug mentioned above.
-dc This option disables the escape sequence to change dynamic colors: the vt100 foreground and background colors, its text cursor
color, the pointer cursor foreground and background colors, the Tektronix emulator foreground and background colors, its text cur-
sor color and highlight color. The option sets the dynamicColors option to ``false''.
+dc This option enables the escape sequence to change dynamic colors. The option sets the dynamicColors option to ``true''.
-e program [ arguments ... ]
This option specifies the program (and its command line arguments) to be run in the xterm window. It also sets the window title
and icon name to be the basename of the program being executed if neither -T nor -n are given on the command line. This must be
the last option on the command line.
-en encoding
This option determines the encoding on which xterm runs. It sets the locale resource. Encodings other than UTF-8 are supported by
using luit. The -lc option should be used instead of -en for systems with locale support.
-fb font
This option specifies a font to be used when displaying bold text. This font must be the same height and width as the normal font.
If only one of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it will be used as the normal font and the bold font will be produced by
overstriking this font. The default is to do overstriking of the normal font. See also the discussion of boldFont, boldMode and
alwaysBoldMode resources.
-fa pattern
This option sets the pattern for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm.
This corresponds to the faceName resource. When a CJK double-width font is specified, you also need to turn on the cjkWidth
resource. See also the renderFont resource, which combines with this to determine whether FreeType fonts are initially active.
-fbb This option indicates that xterm should compare normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they are compatible. It sets the
freeBoldBox resource to ``false''.
+fbb This option indicates that xterm should not compare normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they are compatible. It sets
the freeBoldBox resource to ``true''.
-fbx This option indicates that xterm should not assume that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters. If any are
missing, xterm will draw the characters directly. It sets the forceBoxChars resource to ``false''.
+fbx This option indicates that xterm should assume that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters. It sets the
forceBoxChars resource to ``true''.
-fd pattern
This option sets the pattern for double-width fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled
into xterm. This corresponds to the faceNameDoublesize resource.
-fi font
This option sets the font for active icons if that feature was compiled into xterm. See also the discussion of the iconFont
resource.
-fs size
This option sets the pointsize for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm.
This corresponds to the faceSize resource.
-fw font
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the
font that will be used to draw normal text. If no doublewidth font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the normal font.
This corresponds to the wideFont resource.
-fwb font
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying bold wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide
as the font that will be used to draw bold text. If no doublewidth font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold font.
This corresponds to the wideBoldFont resource.
-fx font
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot" input method. See also the dis-
cussion of the ximFont resource.
-hc color
(see -selbg).
-hf This option indicates that HP Function Key escape codes should be generated for function keys. It sets the hpFunctionKeys resource
to ``true''.
+hf This option indicates that HP Function Key escape codes should not be generated for function keys. It sets the hpFunctionKeys
resource to ``false''.
-hm Tells xterm to use highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override the reversed foreground/background colors in a selection. It
sets the highlightColorMode resource to ``true''.
+hm Tells xterm not to use highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override the reversed foreground/background colors in a selection.
It sets the highlightColorMode resource to ``false''.
-hold Turn on the hold resource, i.e., xterm will not immediately destroy its window when the shell command completes. It will wait
until you use the window manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL.
+hold Turn off the hold resource, i.e., xterm will immediately destroy its window when the shell command completes.
-ie Turn on the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., use the pseudo-terminal's sense of the stty erase value.
+ie Turn off the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., set the stty erase value using the kb string from the termcap entry as a reference, if
available.
-im Turn on the useInsertMode resource, which forces use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the TERMCAP environment vari-
able.
+im Turn off the useInsertMode resource.
-into windowId
Given an X window identifier (a decimal integer), xterm will reparent its top-level shell widget to that window. This is used to
embed xterm within other applications.
-j This option indicates that xterm should do jump scrolling. It corresponds to the jumpScroll resource. Normally, text is scrolled
one line at a time; this option allows xterm to move multiple lines at a time so that it does not fall as far behind. Its use is
strongly recommended since it makes xterm much faster when scanning through large amounts of text. The VT100 escape sequences for
enabling and disabling smooth scroll as well as the ``VT Options'' menu can be used to turn this feature on or off.
+j This option indicates that xterm should not do jump scrolling.
-k8 This option sets the allowC1Printable resource. When allowC1Printable is set, xterm overrides the mapping of C1 control characters
(code 128-159) to treat them as printable.
+k8 This option resets the allowC1Printable resource.
-kt keyboardtype
This option sets the keyboardType resource. Possible values include: ``unknown'', ``default'', ``hp'', ``sco'', ``sun'', ``tcap''
and ``vt220''.
The value ``unknown'', causes the corresponding resource to be ignored.
The value ``default'', suppresses the associated resources hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sunFunctionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys and
sunKeyboard, using the Sun/PC keyboard layout.
-l Turn logging on. Normally logging is not supported, due to security concerns. Some versions of xterm may have logging enabled.
The logfile is written to the directory from which xterm is invoked. The filename is generated, of the form
XtermLog.XXXXXX
or
Xterm.log.hostname.yyyy.mm.dd.hh.mm.ss.XXXXXX
depending on how xterm was built.
+l Turn logging off.
-lc Turn on support of various encodings according to the users' locale setting, i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG environment variables.
This is achieved by turning on UTF-8 mode and by invoking luit for conversion between locale encodings and UTF-8. (luit is not
invoked in UTF-8 locales.) This corresponds to the locale resource.
The actual list of encodings which are supported is determined by luit. Consult the luit manual page for further details. See
also the discussion of the -u8 option which supports UTF-8 locales.
+lc Turn off support of automatic selection of locale encodings. Conventional 8bit mode or, in UTF-8 locales or with -u8 option, UTF-8
mode will be used.
-lcc path
File name for the encoding converter from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used with -lc option or locale resource. This
corresponds to the localeFilter resource.
-leftbar
Force scrollbar to the left side of VT100 screen. This is the default, unless you have set the rightScrollBar resource.
-lf filename
Specify the log-filename. See the -l option.
-ls This option indicates that the shell that is started in the xterm window will be a login shell (i.e., the first character of
argv[0] will be a dash, indicating to the shell that it should read the user's .login or .profile).
The -ls flag and the loginShell resource are ignored if -e is also given, because xterm does not know how to make the shell start
the given command after whatever it does when it is a login shell - the user's shell of choice need not be a Bourne shell after
all. Also, xterm -e is supposed to provide a consistent functionality for other applications that need to start text-mode programs
in a window, and if loginShell were not ignored, the result of ~/.profile might interfere with that.
If you do want the effect of -ls and -e simultaneously, you may get away with something like
xterm -e /bin/bash -l -c "my command here"
Finally, -ls is not completely ignored, because xterm -ls -e does write a /etc/wtmp entry (if configured to do so), whereas
xterm -e does not.
-maximized
This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its layout on startup. This corresponds to the maxi-
mized resource.
Maximizing is not the reverse of iconifying; it is possible to do both with certain window managers.
+maximized
This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its layout on startup.
+ls This option indicates that the shell that is started should not be a login shell (i.e., it will be a normal ``subshell'').
-mb This option indicates that xterm should ring a margin bell when the user types near the right end of a line. This option can be
turned on and off from the ``VT Options'' menu.
+mb This option indicates that margin bell should not be rung.
-mc milliseconds
This option specifies the maximum time between multi-click selections.
-mesg Turn off the messages resource, i.e., disallow write access to the terminal.
+mesg Turn on the messages resource, i.e., allow write access to the terminal.
-mk_width
Set the mkWidth resource to ``true''. This makes xterm use a built-in version of the wide-character width calculation. The
default is ``false''
+mk_width
Reset the mkWidth resource.
-ms color
This option specifies the color to be used for the pointer cursor. The default is to use the foreground color. This sets the
pointerColor resource.
-nb number
This option specifies the number of characters from the right end of a line at which the margin bell, if enabled, will ring. The
default is 10.
-nul This option disables the display of underlining.
+nul This option enables the display of underlining.
-pc This option enables the PC-style use of bold colors (see boldColors resource).
+pc This option disables the PC-style use of bold colors.
-pob This option indicates that the window should be raised whenever a Control-G is received.
+pob This option indicates that the window should not be raised whenever a Control-G is received.
-rightbar
Force scrollbar to the right side of VT100 screen.
-rvc This option disables the display of characters with reverse attribute as color.
+rvc This option enables the display of characters with reverse attribute as color.
-rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should be allowed. This allows the cursor to back up from the leftmost column of one
line to the rightmost column of the previous line. This is very useful for editing long shell command lines and is encouraged.
This option can be turned on and off from the ``VT Options'' menu.
+rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should not be allowed.
-s This option indicates that xterm may scroll asynchronously, meaning that the screen does not have to be kept completely up to date
while scrolling. This allows xterm to run faster when network latencies are very high and is typically useful when running across
a very large internet or many gateways.
+s This option indicates that xterm should scroll synchronously.
-samename
Does not send title and icon name change requests when the request would have no effect: the name is not changed. This has the
advantage of preventing flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra round trip to the server to find out the previous value.
In practice this should never be a problem.
+samename
Always send title and icon name change requests.
-sb This option indicates that some number of lines that are scrolled off the top of the window should be saved and that a scrollbar
should be displayed so that those lines can be viewed. This option may be turned on and off from the ``VT Options'' menu.
+sb This option indicates that a scrollbar should not be displayed.
-selbg color
This option specifies the color to use for the background of selected text. If not specified, reverse video is used. See the dis-
cussion of the highlightColor resource.
-selfg color
This option specifies the color to use for selected text. If not specified, reverse video is used. See the discussion of the
highlightTextColor resource.
-sf This option indicates that Sun Function Key escape codes should be generated for function keys.
+sf This option indicates that the standard escape codes should be generated for function keys.
-si This option indicates that output to a window should not automatically reposition the screen to the bottom of the scrolling region.
This option can be turned on and off from the ``VT Options'' menu.
+si This option indicates that output to a window should cause it to scroll to the bottom.
-sk This option indicates that pressing a key while using the scrollbar to review previous lines of text should cause the window to be
repositioned automatically in the normal position at the bottom of the scroll region.
+sk This option indicates that pressing a key while using the scrollbar should not cause the window to be repositioned.
-sl number
This option specifies the number of lines to save that have been scrolled off the top of the screen. This corresponds to the save-
Lines resource. The default is 64.
-sm This option, corresponding to the sessionMgt resource, indicates that xterm should set up session manager callbacks.
+sm This option indicates that xterm should not set up session manager callbacks.
-sp This option indicates that Sun/PC keyboard should be assumed, providing mapping for keypad `+' to `,', and CTRL-F1 to F13, CTRL-F2
to F14, etc.
+sp This option indicates that the standard escape codes should be generated for keypad and function keys.
-t This option indicates that xterm should start in Tektronix mode, rather than in VT102 mode. Switching between the two windows is
done using the ``Options'' menus. Termcap(5) entries that work with xterm ``tek4014,'' ``tek4015,'' ``tek4012'', ``tek4013'' and
``tek4010,'' and ``dumb.'' xterm automatically searches the termcap file in this order for these entries and then sets the
``TERM'' and the ``TERMCAP'' environment variables.
+t This option indicates that xterm should start in VT102 mode.
-tb This option, corresponding to the toolBar resource, indicates that xterm should display a toolbar (or menubar) at the top of its
window. The buttons in the toolbar correspond to the popup menus, e.g., control/left/mouse for "Main Options".
+tb This option indicates that xterm should not set up a toolbar.
-ti term_id
Specify the name used by xterm to select the correct response to terminal ID queries. It also specifies the emulation level, used
to determine the type of response to a DA control sequence. Valid values include vt52, vt100, vt101, vt102, and vt220 (the "vt" is
optional). The default is vt100. The term_id argument specifies the terminal ID to use. (This is the same as the decTerminalID
resource).
-tm string
This option specifies a series of terminal setting keywords followed by the characters that should be bound to those functions,
similar to the stty program. The keywords and their values are described in detail in the ttyModes resource.
-tn name
This option specifies the name of the terminal type to be set in the TERM environment variable. It corresponds to the termName
resource. This terminal type must exist in the terminal database (termcap or terminfo, depending on how xterm is built) and should
have li# and co# entries. If the terminal type is not found, xterm uses the built-in list ``xterm'', ``vt102'', etc.
-u8 This option sets the utf8 resource. When utf8 is set, xterm interprets incoming data as UTF-8. This sets the wideChars resource
as a side-effect, but the UTF-8 mode set by this option prevents it from being turned off. If you must turn it on and off, use the
wideChars resource.
This option and the utf8 resource are overridden by the -lc and -en options and locale resource. That is, if xterm has been com-
piled to support luit, and the locale resource is not ``false'' this option is ignored. We recommend using the -lc option or the
``locale: true'' resource in UTF-8 locales when your operating system supports locale, or -en UTF-8 option or the ``locale: UTF-8''
resource when your operating system does not support locale.
+u8 This option resets the utf8 resource.
-uc This option makes the cursor underlined instead of a box.
+uc This option makes the cursor a box instead of underlined.
-ulc This option disables the display of characters with underline attribute as color rather than with underlining.
+ulc This option enables the display of characters with underline attribute as color rather than with underlining.
-ulit This option, corresponding to the italicULMode resource, disables the display of characters with underline attribute as italics
rather than with underlining.
+ulit This option, corresponding to the italicULMode resource, enables the display of characters with underline attribute as italics
rather than with underlining.
-ut This option indicates that xterm should not write a record into the the system utmp log file.
+ut This option indicates that xterm should write a record into the system utmp log file.
-vb This option indicates that a visual bell is preferred over an audible one. Instead of ringing the terminal bell whenever a Con-
trol-G is received, the window will be flashed.
+vb This option indicates that a visual bell should not be used.
-wc This option sets the wideChars resource. When wideChars is set, xterm maintains internal structures for 16-bit characters. If you
do not set this resource to ``true'', xterm will ignore the escape sequence which turns UTF-8 mode on and off. The default is
``false''.
+wc This option resets the wideChars resource.
-wf This option indicates that xterm should wait for the window to be mapped the first time before starting the subprocess so that the
initial terminal size settings and environment variables are correct. It is the application's responsibility to catch subsequent
terminal size changes.
+wf This option indicates that xterm should not wait before starting the subprocess.
-ziconbeep percent
Same as zIconBeep resource. If percent is non-zero, xterms that produce output while iconified will cause an XBell sound at the
given volume and have "***" prepended to their icon titles. Most window managers will detect this change immediately, showing you
which window has the output. (A similar feature was in x10 xterm.)
-C This option indicates that this window should receive console output. This is not supported on all systems. To obtain console
output, you must be the owner of the console device, and you must have read and write permission for it. If you are running X
under xdm on the console screen you may need to have the session startup and reset programs explicitly change the ownership of the
console device in order to get this option to work.
-Sccn This option allows xterm to be used as an input and output channel for an existing program and is sometimes used in specialized
applications. The option value specifies the last few letters of the name of a pseudo-terminal to use in slave mode, plus the num-
ber of the inherited file descriptor. If the option contains a ``/'' character, that delimits the characters used for the pseudo-
terminal name from the file descriptor. Otherwise, exactly two characters are used from the option for the pseudo-terminal name,
the remainder is the file descriptor. Examples:
-S123/45
-Sab34
Note that xterm does not close any file descriptor which it did not open for its own use. It is possible (though probably not por-
table) to have an application which passes an open file descriptor down to xterm past the initialization or the -S option to a
process running in the xterm.
The following command line arguments are provided for compatibility with older versions. They may not be supported in the next release as
the X Toolkit provides standard options that accomplish the same task.
%geom This option specifies the preferred size and position of the Tektronix window. It is shorthand for specifying the ``*tekGeometry''
resource.
#geom This option specifies the preferred position of the icon window. It is shorthand for specifying the ``*iconGeometry'' resource.
-T string
This option specifies the title for xterm's windows. It is equivalent to -title.
-n string
This option specifies the icon name for xterm's windows. It is shorthand for specifying the ``*iconName'' resource. Note that
this is not the same as the toolkit option -name (see below). The default icon name is the application name.
-r This option indicates that reverse video should be simulated by swapping the foreground and background colors. It is equivalent to
-rv.
-w number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding the window. It is equivalent to -borderwidth or -bw.
The following standard X Toolkit command line arguments are commonly used with xterm:
-bd color
This option specifies the color to use for the border of the window. xterm uses the X Toolkit default, which is ``XtDefaultFore-
ground''.
-bg color
This option specifies the color to use for the background of the window. The default is ``XtDefaultBackground.''
-bw number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the border surrounding the window.
This appears to be a legacy of older X releases. It sets the borderWidth resource of the shell widget, and may provide advice to
your window manager to set the thickness of the window frame. Most window managers do not use this information. See the -b
option, which controls the inner border of the xterm window.
-display display
This option specifies the X server to contact; see X().
-fg color
This option specifies the color to use for displaying text. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
-fn font
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying normal text. The default is fixed.
-font font
This is the same as -fn.
-geometry geometry
This option specifies the preferred size and position of the VT102 window; see X().
-iconic This option indicates that xterm should ask the window manager to start it as an icon rather than as the normal window.
-name name
This option specifies the application name under which resources are to be obtained, rather than the default executable file name.
Name should not contain ``.'' or ``*'' characters.
-rv This option indicates that reverse video should be simulated by swapping the foreground and background colors.
+rv Disable the simulation of reverse video by swapping foreground and background colors.
-title string
This option specifies the window title string, which may be displayed by window managers if the user so chooses. The default title
is the command line specified after the -e option, if any, otherwise the application name.
-xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to be used. This is especially useful for setting resources that do not have separate com-
mand line options.
RESOURCES
The program understands all of the core X Toolkit resource names and classes. Application specific resources (e.g., "XTerm.NAME") follow:
backarrowKeyIsErase (class BackarrowKeyIsErase)
Tie the VTxxx backarrowKey and ptyInitialErase resources together by setting the DECBKM state according to whether the initial
value of stty erase is a backspace(8) or delete(127) character. The default is ``false'', which disables this feature.
hold (class Hold)
If true, xterm will not immediately destroy its window when the shell command completes. It will wait until you use the window
manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL. You may scroll back,
select text, etc., to perform most graphical operations. Resizing the display will lose data, however, since this involves inter-
action with the shell which is no longer running.
hpFunctionKeys (class HpFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not HP Function Key escape codes should be generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the application when iconified. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window managers.
iconName (class IconName)
Specifies the icon name. The default is the application name.
keyboardType (class KeyboardType)
Enables one (or none) of the various keyboard-type resources: hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sunFunctionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys
and sunKeyboard. The resource's value should be one of the corresponding strings ``hp'', ``sco'', ``sun'', ``tcap'' or ``vt220''.
The individual resources are provided for legacy support; this resource is simpler to use.
maxBufSize (class MaxBufSize)
Specify the maximum size of the input buffer. The default is 32768. You cannot set this to a value less than the minBufSize
resource. It will be increased as needed to make that value evenly divide this one.
On some systems you may want to increase one or both of the maxBufSize and minBufSize resource values to achieve better performance
if the operating system prefers larger buffer sizes.
maximized (class Maximized)
Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its layout on startup. The default is ``false.''
messages (class Messages)
Specifies whether write access to the terminal is allowed initially. See mesg(1). The default is ``true''.
menuLocale (class MenuLocale)
Specify the locale used for character-set computations when loading the popup menus. Use this to improve initialization perfor-
mance of the Athena popup menus, which may load unnecessary (and very large) fonts, e.g., in a locale having UTF-8 encoding. The
default is an empty string, which uses the current locale setting.
Set it to ``C'' to achieve the best performance using the default menu resource settings. If you happen to be using localized
menu resources, set the resource accordingly.
minBufSize (class MinBufSize)
Specify the minimum size of the input buffer, i.e., the amount of data that xterm requests on each read. The default is 4096. You
cannot set this to a value less than 64.
ptyHandshake (class PtyHandshake)
If ``true'', xterm will perform handshaking during initialization to ensure that the parent and child processes update the utmp and
stty state. See also waitForMap which waits for the pseudo-terminal's notion of the screen size, and ptySttySize which resets the
screen size after other terminal initialization is complete. The default is ``true''.
ptyInitialErase (class PtyInitialErase)
If ``true'', xterm will use the pseudo-terminal's sense of the stty erase value. If ``false'', xterm will set the stty erase value
to match its own configuration, using the kb string from the termcap entry as a reference, if available. In either case, the
result is applied to the TERMCAP variable which xterm sets. See also the ttyModes resource, which may modify this. The default is
``false''.
ptySttySize (class PtySttySize)
If ``true'', xterm will reset the screen size after terminal initialization is complete. This is needed for some systems whose
pseudo-terminals cannot propagate terminal characteristics. Where it is not needed, it can interfere with other methods for set-
ting the intial screen size, e.g., via window manager interaction. See also waitForMap which waits for a handshake-message giving
the pseudo-terminal's notion of the screen size. The default is ``false'' on Linux and OS X systems, ``true'' otherwise.
sameName (class SameName)
If the value of this resource is ``true'', xterm does not send title and icon name change requests when the request would have no
effect: the name is not changed. This has the advantage of preventing flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra round
trip to the server to find out the previous value. In practice this should never be a problem. The default is ``true''.
scoFunctionKeys (class ScoFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not SCP Function Key escape codes should be generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
sessionMgt (class SessionMgt)
If the value of this resource is ``true'', xterm sets up session manager callbacks for XtNdieCallback and XtNsaveCallback. The
default is ``true''.
sunFunctionKeys (class SunFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not Sun Function Key escape codes should be generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
sunKeyboard (class SunKeyboard)
Specifies whether or not Sun/PC keyboard layout should be assumed rather than DEC VT220. This causes the keypad `+' to be mapped
to `,'. and CTRL F1-F12 to F11-F20, depending on the setting of the ctrlFKeys resource. so xterm emulates a DEC VT220 more accu-
rately. Otherwise (the default, with sunKeyboard set to ``false''), xterm uses PC-style bindings for the function keys and keypad.
PC-style bindings use the Shift, Alt, Control and Meta keys as modifiers for function-keys and keypad (see the document Xterm Con-
trol Sequences for details). The PC-style bindings are analogous to PCTerm, but not the same thing. Normally these bindings do
not conflict with the use of the Meta key as described for the eightBitInput resource. If they do, note that the PC-style bindings
are evaluated first. See also the keyboardType resource.
tcapFunctionKeys (class TcapFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not function key escape codes read from the termcap/terminfo entry should be generated for function keys
instead of standard escape sequences. See also the keyboardType resource.
termName (class TermName)
Specifies the terminal type name to be set in the TERM environment variable.
title (class Title)
Specifies a string that may be used by the window manager when displaying this application.
toolBar (class ToolBar)
Specifies whether or not the toolbar should be displayed. The default is ``true.''
ttyModes (class TtyModes)
Specifies a string containing terminal setting keywords and the characters to which they may be bound. Allowable keywords include:
brk, dsusp, eof, eol, eol2, erase, erase2, flush, intr, kill, lnext, quit, rprnt, start, status, stop, susp, swtch and weras. Con-
trol characters may be specified as ^char (e.g., ^c or ^u) and ^? may be used to indicate delete(127). Use ^- to denote undef.
Use 34 to represent ^, since a literal backslash in an X resource escapes the next character.
This is very useful for overriding the default terminal settings without having to do an stty every time an xterm is started.
Note, however, that the stty program on a given host may use different keywords; xterm's table is built-in.
If the ttyModes resource specifies a value for erase, that overrides the ptyInitialErase resource setting, i.e., xterm initializes
the terminal to match that value.
useInsertMode (class UseInsertMode)
Force use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the TERMCAP environment variable. This is useful if the system termcap
is broken. The default is ``false.''
utmpDisplayId (class UtmpDisplayId)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record the display identifier (display number and screen number) as well as the host-
name in the system utmp log file. The default is ``true.''
utmpInhibit (class UtmpInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record the user's terminal in the system utmp log file. If true, xterm will not try.
The default is ``false.''
waitForMap (class WaitForMap)
Specifies whether or not xterm should wait for the initial window map before starting the subprocess. This is part of the ptyHand-
shake logic. When xterm is directed to wait in this fashion, it passes the terminal size from the display end of the pseudo-termi-
nal to the terminal I/O connection, e.g., according to the window manager. Otherwise, it uses the size as given in resource values
or command-line option -geom. The default is ``false.''
zIconBeep (class ZIconBeep)
Same as -ziconbeep command line argument. If the value of this resource is non-zero, xterms that produce output while iconified
will cause an XBell sound at the given volume and have "***" prepended to their icon titles. Most window managers will detect this
change immediately, showing you which window has the output. (A similar feature was in x10 xterm.) The default is ``false.''
VT100 Widget Resources
The following resources are specified as part of the vt100 widget (class VT100). They are specified by patterns such as
"XTerm.vt100.NAME".
If your xterm is configured to support the "toolbar", then those patterns need an extra level for the form-widget which holds the toolbar
and vt100 widget. A wildcard between the top-level "XTerm" and the "vt100" widget makes the resource settings work for either, e.g.,
"XTerm*vt100.NAME".
activeIcon (class ActiveIcon)
Specifies whether or not active icon windows are to be used when the xterm window is iconified, if this feature is compiled into
xterm. The active icon is a miniature representation of the content of the window and will update as the content changes. Not all
window managers necessarily support application icon windows. Some window managers will allow you to enter keystrokes into the
active icon window. The default is ``false.''
allowC1Printable (class AllowC1Printable)
If true, overrides the mapping of C1 controls (codes 128-159) to make them be treated as if they were printable characters.
Although this corresponds to no particular standard, some users insist it is a VT100. The default is ``false.''
allowFontOps (class AllowFontOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the font should be allowed. The default is ``true.''
allowSendEvents (class AllowSendEvents)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events (generated using the X protocol SendEvent request) should be interpreted
or discarded. The default is ``false'' meaning they are discarded. Note that allowing such events creates a very large security
hole. The default is ``false.''
allowTcapOps (class AllowTcapOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that query the terminal's notion of its function-key strings, as termcap or terminfo capabili-
ties should be allowed. The default is ``false.''
A few programs, e.g,. vim, use this feature to get an accurate description of the terminal's capabilities, independent of the term-
cap/terminfo setting:
- xterm can tell the querying program how many colors it supports. This is a constant, depending on how it is compiled, typically
16. It does not change if you alter resource settings, e.g., the boldColors resource.
- xterm can tell the querying program what strings are sent by modified (shift-, control-, alt-) function- and keypad-keys.
Reporting control- and alt-modifiers is a feature that relies on the ncurses extended naming.
allowTitleOps (class AllowTitleOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that modify the window title or icon name should be allowed. The default is ``true.''
allowWindowOps (class AllowWindowOps)
Specifies whether extended window control sequences (as used in dtterm) should be allowed. The default is ``true.''
altIsNotMeta (class AltIsNotMeta)
If ``true'', treat the Alt-key as if it were the Meta-key. Your keyboard may happen to be configured so they are the same. But if
they are not, this allows you to use the same prefix- and shifting operations with the Alt-key as with the Meta-key. See altSend-
sEscape and metaSendsEscape. The default is ``false.''
altSendsEscape (class AltSendsEscape)
This is an additional keyboard operation that may be processed after the logic for metaSendsEscape. It is only available if the
altIsNotMeta resource is set.
If ``true'', Alt characters (a character combined with the modifier associated with left/right Alt-keys) are converted into a two-
character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. This applies as well to function key control sequences, unless xterm
sees that Alt is used in your key translations. If ``false'', Alt characters input from the keyboard cause a shift to 8-bit char-
acters (just like metaSendsEscape). By combining the Alt- and Meta-modifiers, you can create corresponding combinations of ESC-
prefix and 8-bit characters. The default is ``false.''
alwaysBoldMode (class AlwaysBoldMode)
Specifies whether xterm should check if the normal and bold fonts are distinct before deciding whether to use overstriking to simu-
late bold fonts. If this resource is true, xterm does not make the check for distinct fonts when deciding how to handle the bold-
Mode resource. The default is ``false.''
boldMode alwaysBoldMode Comparison Action
----------------------------------------------------
false false ignored use font
false true ignored use font
true false same overstrike
true false different use font
true true ignored overstrike
alwaysHighlight (class AlwaysHighlight)
Specifies whether or not xterm should always display a highlighted text cursor. By default (if this resource is false), a hollow
text cursor is displayed whenever the pointer moves out of the window or the window loses the input focus. The default is
``false.''
alwaysUseMods (class AlwaysUseMods)
Override the numLock resource, telling xterm to use the Alt and Meta modifiers to construct parameters for function key sequences
even if those modifiers appear in the translations resource. The default is ``false.''
answerbackString (class AnswerbackString)
Specifies the string that xterm sends in response to an ENQ (control/E) character from the host. The default is a blank string,
i.e., ``''. A hardware VT100 implements this feature as a setup option.
appcursorDefault (class AppcursorDefault)
If ``true,'' the cursor keys are initially in application mode. This is the same as the VT102 private DECCKM mode, The default is
``false.''
appkeypadDefault (class AppkeypadDefault)
If ``true,'' the keypad keys are initially in application mode. The default is ``false.''
autoWrap (class AutoWrap)
Specifies whether or not auto-wraparound should be enabled. This is the same as the VT102 DECAWM. The default is ``true.''
awaitInput (class AwaitInput)
Specifies whether or not the xterm uses a 50 millisecond timeout to await input (i.e., to support the Xaw3d arrow scrollbar). The
default is ``false.''
backarrowKey (class BackarrowKey)
Specifies whether the backarrow key transmits a backspace(8) or delete(127) character. This corresponds to the DECBKM control
sequence. The default (backspace) is ``true.'' Pressing the control key toggles this behavior.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the window. The default is ``XtDefaultBackground.''
bellIsUrgent (class BellIsUrgent)
Specifies whether to set the Urgency hint for the window manager when making a bell sound. The default is ``false.''
bellOnReset (class BellOnReset)
Specifies whether to sound a bell when doing a hard reset. The default is ``true.''
bellSuppressTime (class BellSuppressTime)
Number of milliseconds after a bell command is sent during which additional bells will be suppressed. Default is 200. If set non-
zero, additional bells will also be suppressed until the server reports that processing of the first bell has been completed; this
feature is most useful with the visible bell.
boldColors (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether to combine bold attribute with colors like the IBM PC, i.e., map colors 0 through 7 to colors 8 through 15.
These normally are the brighter versions of the first 8 colors, hence bold. The default is ``true.''
boldFont (class BoldFont)
Specifies the name of the bold font to use instead of overstriking. There is no default for this resource.
boldMode (class BoldMode)
This specifies whether or not text with the bold attribute should be overstruck to simulate bold fonts if the resolved bold font is
the same as the normal font. It may be desirable to disable bold fonts when color is being used for the bold attribute.
Note that xterm has one bold font which you may set explicitly. Xterm attempts to derive a bold font for the other font selections
(font1 through font6). If it cannot find a bold font, it will use the normal font. In each case (whether the explicit resource or
the derived font), if the normal and bold fonts are distinct, this resource has no effect. The default is ``true.''
See the alwaysBoldMode resource which can modify the behavior of this resource.
Although xterm attempts to derive a bold font for other font selections, the font server may not cooperate. Since X11R6, bitmap
fonts have been scaled. The font server claims to provide the bold font that xterm requests, but the result is not always read-
able. XFree86 provides a feature which can be used to suppress the scaling. In the X server's configuration file (e.g.,
"/etc/X11/XFree86"), you can add ":unscaled" to the end of the directory specification for the "misc" fonts, which comprise the
fixed-pitch fonts that are used by xterm. For example
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
would become
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/:unscaled"
Depending on your configuration, the font server may have its own configuration file. The same ":unscaled" can be added to its
configuration file at the end of the directory specification for "misc".
brokenLinuxOSC (class BrokenLinuxOSC)
If true, xterm applies a workaround to ignore malformed control sequences that a Linux script might send. Compare the palette con-
trol sequences documented in console_codes with ECMA-48. The default is ``true.''
brokenSelections (class BrokenSelections)
If true, xterm in 8-bit mode will interpret STRING selections as carrying text in the current locale's encoding. Normally STRING
selections carry ISO-8859-1 encoded text. Setting this resource to ``true'' violates the ICCCM; it may, however, be useful for
interacting with some broken X clients. The default is ``false.''
brokenStringTerm (class BrokenStringTerm)
provides a work-around for some ISDN routers which start an application control string without completing it. Set this to ``true''
if xterm appears to freeze when connecting. The default is ``false.''
c132 (class C132)
Specifies whether or not the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence, used to switch between 80 and 132 columns, should be honored. The
default is ``false.''
cacheDoublesize (class CacheDoublesize)
Tells whether to cache double-sized fonts by xterm. Set this to zero to disable doublesize fonts altogether.
charClass (class CharClass)
Specifies comma-separated lists of character class bindings of the form [low-]high:value. These are used in determining which sets
of characters should be treated the same when doing cut and paste. See the CHARACTER CLASSES section.
cjkWidth (class CjkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should follow the traditional East Asian width convention. When turned on, characters with East Asian
Ambiguous (A) category in UTR 11 have a column width of 2. You may have to set this option to ``true'' if you have some old East
Asian terminal based programs that assume that line-drawing characters have a column width of 2. If this resource is false, the
mkWidth resource controls the choice between the system's wcwidth and xterm's built-in tables. The default is ``false.''
color0 (class Color0)
color1 (class Color1)
color2 (class Color2)
color3 (class Color3)
color4 (class Color4)
color5 (class Color5)
color6 (class Color6)
color7 (class Color7)
These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension. The defaults are, respectively, black, red3, green3, yellow3, a customizable
dark blue, magenta3, cyan3, and gray90. The default shades of color are chosen to allow the colors 8-15 to be used as brighter
versions.
color8 (class Color8)
color9 (class Color9)
color10 (class Color10)
color11 (class Color11)
color12 (class Color12)
color13 (class Color13)
color14 (class Color14)
color15 (class Color15)
These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension if the bold attribute is also enabled. The default resource values are respec-
tively, gray30, red, green, yellow, a customizable light blue, magenta, cyan, and white.
color16 (class Color16)
through
color255 (class Color255)
These specify the colors for the 256-color extension. The default resource values are for colors 16 through 231 to make a 6x6x6
color cube, and colors 232 through 255 to make a grayscale ramp.
colorAttrMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether colorBD, colorBL, colorRV, and colorUL should override ANSI colors. If not, these are displayed only when no
ANSI colors have been set for the corresponding position. The default is ``false.''
colorBD (class ColorBD)
This specifies the color to use to display bold characters if the ``colorBDMode'' resource is enabled. The default is ``XtDefault-
Foreground.''
colorBDMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the bold attribute should be displayed in color or as bold characters. Note that setting color-
Mode off disables all colors, including bold. The default is ``false.''
colorBL (class ColorBL)
This specifies the color to use to display blink characters if the ``colorBLMode'' resource is enabled. The default is ``XtDe-
faultForeground.''
colorBLMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the blink attribute should be displayed in color. Note that setting colorMode off disables all
colors, including this. The default is ``false.''
colorMode (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether or not recognition of ANSI (ISO-6429) color change escape sequences should be enabled. The default is ``true.''
colorRV (class ColorRV)
This specifies the color to use to display reverse characters if the ``colorRVMode'' resource is enabled. The default is ``XtDe-
faultForeground.''
colorRVMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the reverse attribute should be displayed in color. Note that setting colorMode off disables all
colors, including this. The default is ``false.''
colorUL (class ColorUL)
This specifies the color to use to display underlined characters if the ``colorULMode'' resource is enabled. The default is
``XtDefaultForeground.''
colorULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline attribute should be displayed in color or as underlined characters. Note that set-
ting colorMode off disables all colors, including underlining. The default is ``false.''
combiningChars (class CombiningChars)
Specifies the number of wide-characters which can be stored in a cell to overstrike (combine) with the base character of the cell.
This can be set to values in the range 0 to 4. The default is ``2''.
ctrlFKeys (class CtrlFKeys)
In VT220 keyboard mode (see sunKeyboard resource), specifies the amount by which to shift F1-F12 given a control modifier (CTRL).
This allows you to generate key symbols for F10-F20 on a Sun/PC keyboard. The default is ``10'', which means that CTRL F1 gener-
ates the key symbol for F11.
curses (class Curses)
Specifies whether or not the last column bug in more(1) should be worked around. See the -cu option for details. The default is
``false.''
cursorBlink (class CursorBlink)
Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. The default is ``false.''
cursorColor (class CursorColor)
Specifies the color to use for the text cursor. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.'' By default, xterm attempts to keep this
color from being the same as the background color, since it draws the cursor by filling the background of a text cell. The same
restriction applies to control sequences which may change this color.
Setting this resource overrides most of xterm's adjustments to cursor color. It will still use reverse-video to disallow some
cases, such as a black cursor on a black background.
cursorOffTime (class CursorOffTime)
Specifies the duration of the "off" part of the cursor blink cycle-time in milliseconds. The same timer is used for text blinking.
The default is 300.
cursorOnTime (class CursorOnTime)
Specifies the duration of the "on" part of the cursor blink cycle-time, in milliseconds. The same timer is used for text blinking.
The default is 600.
cutNewline (class CutNewline)
If ``false'', triple clicking to select a line does not include the Newline at the end of the line. If ``true'', the Newline is
selected. The default is ``true.''
cursorUnderLine (class CursorUnderLine)
Specifies whether to make the cursor underlined or a box. The default is ``false.''
cutToBeginningOfLine (class CutToBeginningOfLine)
If ``false'', triple clicking to select a line selects only from the current word forward. If ``true'', the entire line is
selected. The default is ``true.''
decTerminalID (class DecTerminalID)
Specifies the emulation level (100=VT100, 220=VT220, etc.), used to determine the type of response to a DA control sequence. Lead-
ing non-digit characters are ignored, e.g., "vt100" and "100" are the same. The default is 100.
deleteIsDEL (class DeleteIsDEL)
Specifies whether the Delete key on the editing keypad should send DEL(127) or the VT220-style Remove escape sequence. The
default is ``false,'' for the latter.
dynamicColors (class DynamicColors)
Specifies whether or not escape sequences to change colors assigned to different attributes are recognized.
eightBitControl (class EightBitControl)
Specifies whether or not control sequences sent by the terminal should be eight-bit characters or escape sequences. The default is
``false.''
eightBitInput (class EightBitInput)
If ``true'', Meta characters (a single-byte character combined with the Meta modifier key) input from the keyboard are presented as
a single character with the eighth bit turned on. The terminal is put into 8-bit mode. If ``false'', Meta characters are con-
verted into a two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. On startup, xterm tries to put the terminal into
7-bit mode. The metaSendsEscape and altSendsEscape resources may override this. The default is ``true.''
Generally keyboards do not have a key labeled "Meta", but "Alt" keys are common, and they are conventionally used for "Meta". If
they were synonymous, it would have been reasonable to name this resource "altSendsEscape", reversing its sense. For more back-
ground on this, see the meta function in curses.
Note that the Alt key is not necessarily the same as the Meta modifier. xmodmap lists your key modifiers. X defines modifiers for
shift, (caps) lock and control, as well as 5 additional modifiers which are generally used to configure key modifiers. xterm
inspects the same information to find the modifier associated with either Meta key (left or right), and uses that key as the Meta
modifier. It also looks for the NumLock key, to recognize the modifier which is associated with that.
If your xmodmap configuration uses the same keycodes for Alt- and Meta-keys, xterm will only see the Alt-key definitions, since
those are tested before Meta-keys. NumLock is tested first. It is important to keep these keys distinct; otherwise some of
xterm's functionality is not available.
eightBitOutput (class EightBitOutput)
Specifies whether or not eight-bit characters sent from the host should be accepted as is or stripped when printed. The default is
``true,'' which means that they are accepted as is.
faceName (class FaceName)
Specify the pattern for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. There is no
default. If not specified, or if there is no match for both normal and bold fonts, xterm uses the font and related resources.
faceNameDoublesize (class FaceNameDoublesize)
Specify an double-width font for cases where an application requires this, e.g., in CJK applications. There is no default. If the
application uses double-wide characters and this resource is not given, xterm will use a scaled version of the font given by face-
Name.
faceSize (class FaceSize)
Specify the pointsize for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for that library was compiled into xterm. The
default is ``14.'' On the VT Fonts menu, this corresponds to the Default entry.
You can specify the pointsize for TrueType fonts selected with the other size-related menu entries such as Medium, Huge, etc., by
using one of the following resource values. If you do not specify a value, they default to ``0.0'', which causes xterm to use the
ratio of font sizes from the corresponding bitmap font resources to obtain a TrueType pointsize.
If all of the faceSize resources are set, then xterm will use this information to determine the next smaller/larger TrueType font
for the larger-vt-font() and smaller-vt-font() actions. If any are not set, xterm will use only the areas of the bitmap fonts.
faceSize1 (class FaceSize1)
Specifies the pointsize of the first alternative font.
faceSize2 (class FaceSize2)
Specifies the pointsize of the second alternative font.
faceSize3 (class FaceSize3)
Specifies the pointsize of the third alternative font.
faceSize4 (class FaceSize4)
Specifies the pointsize of the fourth alternative font.
faceSize5 (class FaceSize5)
Specifies the pointsize of the fifth alternative font.
faceSize6 (class FaceSize6)
Specifies the pointsize of the sixth alternative font.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the normal font. The default is ``fixed.''
See the discussion of the locale resource, which describes how this font may be overridden.
NOTE: some resource files use patterns such as
*font: fixed
which are overly broad, affecting both
xterm.vt100.font
and
xterm.vt100.utf8fonts.font
which is probably not what you intended.
font1 (class Font1)
Specifies the name of the first alternative font.
font2 (class Font2)
Specifies the name of the second alternative font.
font3 (class Font3)
Specifies the name of the third alternative font.
font4 (class Font4)
Specifies the name of the fourth alternative font.
font5 (class Font5)
Specifies the name of the fifth alternative font.
font6 (class Font6)
Specifies the name of the sixth alternative font.
fontDoublesize (class FontDoublesize)
Specifies whether xterm should attempt to use font scaling to draw doublesize characters. Some older font servers cannot do this
properly, will return misleading font metrics. The default is ``true''. If disabled, xterm will simulate doublesize characters by
drawing normal characters with spaces between them.
fontWarnings (class FontWarnings)
Specify whether xterm should report an error if it fails to load a font:
0 Never report an error (though the X libraries may).
1 Report an error if the font name was given as a resource setting.
2 Always report an error on failure to load a font.
forceBoxChars (class ForceBoxChars)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters:
- The fixed-pitch ISO-8859-*-encoded fonts used by xterm normally have the VT100 line-drawing glyphs in cells 1-31. Other
fixed-pitch fonts may be more attractive, but lack these glyphs.
- When using an ISO-10646-1 font and the wideChars resource is true, xterm uses the Unicode glyphs which match the VT100 line-
drawing glyphs.
If ``false'', xterm checks for missing glyphs in the font and makes line-drawing characters directly as needed. If ``true'', xterm
assumes the font does not contain the line-drawing characters, and draws them directly. The default is ``false.''
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for displaying text in the window. Setting the class name instead of the instance name is an easy way
to have everything that would normally appear in the text color change color. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
formatOtherKeys (class FormatOtherKeys)
Overrides the format of the escape sequence used to report modified keys with the modifyOtherKeys resource.
0 send modified keys as parameters for function-key 27 (default).
1 send modified keys as parameters for CSI u.
freeBoldBox (class FreeBoldBox)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the bounding boxes for normal and bold fonts are compatible. If ``false'', xterm compares
them and will reject choices of bold fonts that do not match the size of the normal font. The default is ``false'', which means
that the comparison is performed.
geometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the VT102 window. There is no default for this resource.
highlightColor (class HighlightColor)
Specifies the color to use for the background of selected (highlighted) text. If not specified (i.e., matching the default fore-
ground), reverse video is used. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
highlightColorMode (class HighlightColorMode)
Specifies whether xterm should use highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override the reversed foreground/background colors in a
selection. The default is unspecified: at startup, xterm checks if those resources are set to something other than the default
foreground and background colors. Setting this resource disables the check.
The following table shows the interaction of the highlighting resources, abbreviated as shown to fit in this page:
HCM
highlightColorMode
HR highlightReverse
HBG
highlightColor
HFG
highlightTextColor
HCM HR HBG HFG Highlight
------------------------------------------------------
false false default default bg/fg
false false default set bg/fg
false false set default fg/HBG
false false set set fg/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
false true default default bg/fg
false true default set bg/fg
false true set default fg/HBG
false true set set fg/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
true false default default bg/fg
true false default set HFG/fg
true false set default bg/HBG
true false set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
true true default default fg/fg (useless)
true true default set HFG/fg
true true set default fg/HBG
true true set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
default false default default bg/fg
default false default set bg/fg
default false set default fg/HBG
default false set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
default true default default bg/fg
default true default set bg/fg
default true set default fg/HBG
default true set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
highlightReverse (class HighlightReverse)
Specifies whether xterm should reverse the selection foreground and background colors when selecting text with reverse-video
attribute. This applies only to the highlightColor and highlightTextColor resources, e.g., to match the color scheme of xwsh. If
``true'', xterm reverses the colors, If ``false'', xterm does not reverse colors, The default is ``true.''
highlightSelection (class HighlightSelection)
If ``false'', selecting with the mouse highlights all positions on the screen between the beginning of the selection and the cur-
rent position. If ``true'', xterm highlights only the positions that contain text that can be selected. The default is ``false.''
Depending on the way your applications write to the screen, there may be trailing blanks on a line. Xterm stores data as it is
shown on the screen. Erasing the display changes the internal state of each cell so it is not considered a blank for the purpose
of selection. Blanks written since the last erase are selectable. If you do not wish to have trailing blanks in a selection, use
the trimSelection resource.
highlightTextColor (class HighlightTextColor)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of selected (highlighted) text. If not specified (i.e., matching the default back-
ground), reverse video is used. The default is ``XtDefaultBackground.''
hpLowerleftBugCompat (class HpLowerleftBugCompat)
Specifies whether to work around a bug in HP's xdb, which ignores termcap and always sends ESC F to move to the lower left corner.
``true'' causes xterm to interpret ESC F as a request to move to the lower left corner of the screen. The default is ``false.''
i18nSelections (class I18nSelections)
If false, xterm will never request the targets COMPOUND_TEXT or TEXT. The default is ``true.'' It may be set to false in order to
work around ICCCM violations by other X clients.
iconBorderColor (class BorderColor)
Specifies the border color for the active icon window if this feature is compiled into xterm. Not all window managers will make
the icon border visible.
iconBorderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the border width for the active icon window if this feature is compiled into xterm. The default is 2. Not all window
managers will make the border visible.
iconFont (class IconFont)
Specifies the font for the miniature active icon window, if this feature is compiled into xterm. The default is "nil2".
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the VT100 fonts to use initially. Values are the same as for the set-vt-font action. The default is ``d'',
i.e., "default".
inputMethod (class XtCInputMethod)
Tells xterm which type of input method to use. There is no default method.
internalBorder (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the number of pixels between the characters and the window border. The default is 2.
italicULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline attribute should be displayed in an italic font or as underlined characters. It is
implemented only for TrueType fonts.
jumpScroll (class JumpScroll)
Specifies whether or not jump scroll should be used. This corresponds to the VT102 DECSCLM private mode. The default is ``true.''
keepSelection (class KeepSelection)
Specifies whether xterm will keep the selection even after the selected area was touched by some output to the terminal. The
default is ``false''.
keyboardDialect (class KeyboardDialect)
Specifies the initial keyboard dialect, as well as the default value when the terminal is reset. The value given is the same as
the final character in the control sequences which change character sets. The default is ``B'', which corresponds to US ASCII.
nameKeymap (class NameKeymap)
See the discussion of the keymap() action.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
Limits resizing of the screen via control sequence to a given multiple of the display dimensions. The default is ``1''.
locale (class Locale)
Specifies how to use luit, an encoding converter between UTF-8 and locale encodings. The resource value (ignoring case) may be:
true
xterm will use the encoding specified by the users' LC_CTYPE locale (i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG variables) as far as pos-
sible. This is realized by always enabling UTF-8 mode and invoking luit in non-UTF-8 locales.
medium
xterm will follow users' LC_CTYPE locale only for UTF-8, east Asian, and Thai locales, where the encodings were not supported
by conventional 8bit mode with changing fonts. For other locales, xterm will use conventional 8bit mode.
checkfont
If mini-luit is compiled-in, xterm will check if a Unicode font has been specified. If so, it checks if the character encoding
for the current locale is POSIX, Latin-1 or Latin-9, uses the appropriate mapping to support those with the Unicode font. For
other encodings, xterm assumes that UTF-8 encoding is required.
false
xterm will use conventional 8bit mode or UTF-8 mode according to utf8 resource or -u8 option.
Any other value, e.g., ``UTF-8'' or ``ISO8859-2'', is assumed to be an encoding name; luit will be invoked to support the encoding.
The actual list of supported encodings depends on luit. The default is ``medium''.
Regardless of your locale and encoding, you need an ISO-10646-1 font to display the result. Your configuration may not include
this font, or locale-support by xterm may not be needed. At startup, xterm uses a mechanism equivalent to the load-vt-
fonts(utf8Fonts, Utf8Fonts) action to load font name subresources of the VT100 widget. That is, resource patterns such as
"*vt100.utf8Fonts.font" will be loaded, and (if this resource is enabled), override the normal fonts. If no subresources are
found, the normal fonts such as "*vt100.font", etc., are used. The resource files distributed with xterm use ISO-10646-1 fonts,
but do not rely on them unless you are using the locale mechanism.
localeFilter (class LocaleFilter)
Specifies the file name for the encoding converter from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used with the -lc option or locale
resource. The help message shown by ``xterm -help'' lists the default value, which depends on your system configuration.
If the encoding converter requires command-line parameters, you should put those within a shell script to execute the converter,
and set this resource to point to the shell script.
loginShell (class LoginShell)
Specifies whether or not the shell to be run in the window should be started as a login shell. The default is ``false.''
marginBell (class MarginBell)
Specifies whether or not the bell should be rung when the user types near the right margin. The default is ``false.''
metaSendsEscape (class MetaSendsEscape)
If ``true'', Meta characters (a character combined with the Meta modifier key) are converted into a two-character sequence with the
character itself preceded by ESC. This applies as well to function key control sequences, unless xterm sees that Meta is used in
your key translations. If ``false'', Meta characters input from the keyboard are handled according to the eightBitInput resource.
The default is ``false.''
mkSamplePass (class MkSamplePass)
If mkSampleSize is nonzero, and mkWidth (and cjkWidth) are false, on startup xterm compares its built-in tables to the system's
wide character width data to decide if it will use the system's data. It tests the first mkSampleSize character values, and allows
up to mkSamplePass mismatches before the test fails. The default (for the allowed number of mismatches) is 256.
mkSampleSize (class MkSampleSize)
With mkSamplePass, this specifies a startup test used for initializing wide character width calculations. The default (number of
characters to check) is 1024.
mkWidth (class MkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should use a built-in version of the wide character width calculation. See also the cjkWidth resource
which can override this. The default is ``false.''
Here is a summary of the resources which control the choice of wide character width calculation:
cjkWidth mkWidth Action
---------------------------------------------------------------
false false use system tables subject to mkSamplePass
false true use built-in tables
true false use built-in CJK tables
true true use built-in CJK tables
modifyCursorKeys (class ModifyCursorKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Control-, Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to add a parameter to the escape
sequence returned by a cursor-key. The default is ``2'':
Set it to -1 to disable it.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second parameter if it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a '>' to hint that it is private.
modifyFunctionKeys (class ModifyFunctionKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Control-, Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to add a parameter to the escape
sequence returned by a (numbered) function-key. The default is ``2''. The resource values are similar to modifyCursorKeys:
Set it to -1 to permit the user to use shift- and control-modifiers to construct function-key strings using the normal encoding
scheme.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second parameter if it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a '>' to hint that it is private.
If modifyFunctionKeys is zero, xterm uses Control- and Shift-modifiers to allow the user to construct numbered function-keys beyond
the set provided by the keyboard:
Control
adds the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource.
Shift
adds twice the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource.
Control/Shift
adds three times the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource.
As a special case, legacy (when oldFunctionKeys is true) or vt220 (when sunKeyboard is true) keyboards interpret only the Control-
modifier when constructing numbered function-keys. This is done to provide compatible keyboards for DEC VT220 and related termi-
nals that implement user-defined keys (UDK).
modifyOtherKeys (class ModifyOtherKeys)
Like modifyCursorKeys, tells xterm to construct an escape sequence for other keys (such as "2") when modified by Control-, Alt- or
Meta-modifiers. This feature does not apply to function keys and well-defined keys such as ESC or the control keys. The default
is ``0'':
0 disables this feature.
1 enables this feature for keys except for those with well-known behavior, e.g., Tab, Backarrow and some special control charac-
ter cases, e.g., Control-Space to make a NUL.
2 enables this feature for keys including the exceptions listed.
multiClickTime (class MultiClickTime)
Specifies the maximum time in milliseconds between multi-click select events. The default is 250 milliseconds.
multiScroll (class MultiScroll)
Specifies whether or not scrolling should be done asynchronously. The default is ``false.''
nMarginBell (class Column)
Specifies the number of characters from the right margin at which the margin bell should be rung, when enabled by the marginBell
resource. The default is 10.
numLock (class NumLock)
If ``true'', xterm checks if NumLock is used as a modifier (see xmodmap(1)). If so, this modifier is used to simplify the logic
when implementing special NumLock for the sunKeyboard resource. Also (when sunKeyboard is false), similar logic is used to find
the modifier associated with the left and right Alt keys. The default is ``true.''
oldXtermFKeys (class OldXtermFKeys)
If ``true'', xterm will use old-style control sequences for function keys F1 to F4, for compatibility with X Consortium xterm.
Otherwise, it uses the VT100-style codes for PF1 to PF4. The default is ``false.''
on2Clicks (class On2Clicks)
on3Clicks (class On3Clicks)
on4Clicks (class On4Clicks)
on5Clicks (class On5Clicks)
Specify selection behavior in response to multiple mouse clicks. A single mouse click is always interpreted as described in the
SELECTION section (see POINTER USAGE). Multiple mouse clicks (using the button which activates the select-start action) are inter-
preted according to the resource values of on2Clicks, etc. The resource value can be one of these:
word
Select a ``word'' as determined by the charClass resource. See the CHARACTER CLASSES section.
line
Select a line (counting wrapping).
group
Select a group of adjacent lines (counting wrapping). The selection stops on a blank line.
page
Select all visible lines, i.e., the page.
all
Select all lines, i.e., including the saved lines.
regex
Select a ``word'' as determined by the regular expression which follows in the resource value.
none
No selection action is associated with this resource. xterm interprets it as the end of the list. For example, you may use it
to disable triple (and higher) clicking by setting on3Clicks to ``none''.
The default values for on2Clicks and on3Clicks are ``word'' and ``line'', respectively. There is no default value for on4Clicks or
on5Clicks, making those inactive. On startup, xterm determines the maximum number of clicks by the onXClicks resource values which
are set.
openIm (class XtCOpenIm)
Tells xterm whether to open the input method at startup. The default is ``true''.
pointerColor (class PointerColor)
Specifies the foreground color of the pointer. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
pointerColorBackground (class PointerColorBackground)
Specifies the background color of the pointer. The default is ``XtDefaultBackground.''
pointerMode (class PointerMode)
Specifies when the pointer may be hidden as the user types. It will be redisplayed if the user moves the mouse, or clicks one of
its buttons.
0 never
1 the application running in xterm has not activated mouse mode. This is the default.
2 always.
pointerShape (class Cursor)
Specifies the name of the shape of the pointer. The default is ``xterm.''
popOnBell (class PopOnBell)
Specifies whether the window would be raised when Control-G is received. The default is ``false.''
preeditType (class XtCPreeditType)
Tells xterm which types of preedit (preconversion) string to display. The default is ``OverTheSpot,Root''.
printAttributes (class PrintAttributes)
Specifies whether to print graphic attributes along with the text. A real DEC VTxxx terminal will print the underline, highlight-
ing codes but your printer may not handle these. A ``0'' disables the attributes. A ``1'' prints the normal set of attributes
(bold, underline, inverse and blink) as VT100-style control sequences. A ``2'' prints ANSI color attributes as well. The default
is ``1.''
printerAutoClose (class PrinterAutoClose)
If ``true'', xterm will close the printer (a pipe) when the application switches the printer offline with a Media Copy command.
The default is ``false.''
printerCommand (class PrinterCommand)
Specifies a shell command to which xterm will open a pipe when the first MC (Media Copy) command is initiated. The default is a
blank string. If the resource value is given as a blank string, the printer is disabled.
printerControlMode (class PrinterControlMode)
Specifies the printer control mode. A ``1'' selects autoprint mode, which causes xterm to print a line from the screen when you
move the cursor off that line with a line feed, form feed or vertical tab character, or an autowrap occurs. Autoprint mode is
overridden by printer controller mode (a ``2''), which causes all of the output to be directed to the printer. The default is
``0.''
printerExtent (class PrinterExtent)
Controls whether a print page function will print the entire page (true), or only the the portion within the scrolling margins
(false). The default is ``false.''
printerFormFeed (class PrinterFormFeed)
Controls whether a form feed is sent to the printer at the end of a print page function. The default is ``false.''
quietGrab (class QuietGrab)
Controls whether the cursor is repainted when NotifyGrab and NotifyUngrab event types are received during change of focus. The
default is ``false.''
renderFont (class RenderFont)
If xterm is built with the Xft library, this controls whether the faceName resource is used. The default is ``true.''
resizeGravity (class ResizeGravity)
Affects the behavior when the window is resized to be taller or shorter. NorthWest specifies that the top line of text on the
screen stay fixed. If the window is made shorter, lines are dropped from the bottom; if the window is made taller, blank lines are
added at the bottom. This is compatible with the behavior in R4. SouthWest (the default) specifies that the bottom line of text
on the screen stay fixed. If the window is made taller, additional saved lines will be scrolled down onto the screen; if the win-
dow is made shorter, lines will be scrolled off the top of the screen, and the top saved lines will be dropped.
reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo)
Specifies whether or not reverse video should be simulated. The default is ``false.''
reverseWrap (class ReverseWrap)
Specifies whether or not reverse-wraparound should be enabled. This corresponds to xterm's private mode 45. The default is
``false.''
rightScrollBar (class RightScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed on the right rather than the left. The default is ``false.''
saveLines (class SaveLines)
Specifies the number of lines to save beyond the top of the screen when a scrollbar is turned on. The default is 64.
scrollBar (class ScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed. The default is ``false.''
scrollBarBorder (class ScrollBarBorder)
Specifies the width of the scrollbar border. Note that this is drawn to overlap the border of the xterm window. Modifying the
scrollbar's border affects only the line between the VT100 widget and the scrollbar. The default value is 1.
scrollKey (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not pressing a key should automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the scrolling region. This
corresponds to xterm's private mode 1011. The default is ``false.''
scrollLines (class ScrollLines)
Specifies the number of lines that the scroll-back and scroll-forw actions should use as a default. The default value is 1.
scrollTtyOutput (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not output to the terminal should automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the scrolling
region. The default is ``true.''
selectToClipboard (class SelectToClipboard)
Tells xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD for SELECT tokens in the selection mechanism. The set-select action can change
this at runtime, allowing the user to work with programs that handle only one of these mechanisms. The default is ``false'', which
tells it to use PRIMARY.
shiftFonts (class ShiftFonts)
Specifies whether to enable the actions larger-vt-font() and smaller-vt-font(), which are normally bound to the shifted KP_Add and
KP_Subtract. The default is ``true.''
showBlinkAsBold (class ShowBlinkAsBold)
Tells xterm whether to display text with blink-attribute the same as bold. If xterm has not been configured to support blinking
text, the default is ``true.'', which corresponds to older versions of xterm, otherwise the default is ``false.''
showMissingGlyphs (class ShowMissingGlyphs)
Tells xterm whether to display a box outlining places where a character has been used that the font does not represent. The
default is ``false.''
signalInhibit (class SignalInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the entries in the ``Main Options'' menu for sending signals to xterm should be disallowed. The default
is ``false.''
tekGeometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the Tektronix window. There is no default for this resource.
tekInhibit (class TekInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the escape sequence to enter Tektronix mode should be ignored. The default is ``false.''
tekSmall (class TekSmall)
Specifies whether or not the Tektronix mode window should start in its smallest size if no explicit geometry is given. This is
useful when running xterm on displays with small screens. The default is ``false.''
tekStartup (class TekStartup)
Specifies whether or not xterm should start up in Tektronix mode. The default is ``false.''
tiXtraScroll (class TiXtraScroll)
Specifies whether xterm should scroll to a new page when processing the ti termcap entry, i.e., the private modes 47, 1047 or 1049.
This is only in effect if titeInhibit is ``true'', because the intent of this option is to provide a picture of the full-screen
application's display on the scrollback without wiping out the text that would be shown before the application was initialized.
The default for this resource is ``false.''
titeInhibit (class TiteInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should remove ti and te termcap entries (used to switch between alternate screens on startup of many
screen-oriented programs) from the TERMCAP string. If set, xterm also ignores the escape sequence to switch to the alternate
screen. Xterm supports terminfo in a different way, supporting composite control sequences (also known as private modes) 1047,
1048 and 1049 which have the same effect as the original 47 control sequence. The default for this resource is ``false.''
translations (class Translations)
Specifies the key and button bindings for menus, selections, ``programmed strings,'' etc. The translations resource, which pro-
vides much of xterm's configurability, is a feature of the X Toolkit Intrinsics library (Xt). See the ACTIONS section.
trimSelection (class TrimSelection)
If you set highlightSelection, you can see the text which is selected, including any trailing spaces. Clearing the screen (or a
line) resets it to a state containing no spaces. Some lines may contain trailing spaces when an application writes them to the
screen. However, you may not wish to paste lines with trailing spaces. If this resource is true, xterm will trim trailing spaces
from text which is selected. It does not affect spaces which result in a wrapped line, nor will it trim the trailing newline from
your selection. The default is ``false.''
underLine (class UnderLine)
This specifies whether or not text with the underline attribute should be underlined. It may be desirable to disable underlining
when color is being used for the underline attribute. The default is ``true.''
useClipping (class UseClipping)
Tell xterm whether to use clipping to keep from producing dots outside the text drawing area. Originally used to work around for
overstriking effects, this is also needed to work with some incorrectly-sized fonts. The default is ``true.''
utf8 (class Utf8)
This specifies whether xterm will run in UTF-8 mode. If you set this resource, xterm also sets the wideChars resource as a side-
effect. The resource is an integer, expected to range from 0 to 3:
0 UTF-8 mode is initially off. The command-line option +u8 sets the resource to this value. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8
mode on/off are allowed.
1 UTF-8 mode is initially on. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed.
2 The command-line option -u8 sets the resource to this value. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are ignored.
3 This is the default value of the resource. It is changed during initialization depending on whether the locale resource was
set, to 0 or 2. See the locale resource for additional discussion of non-UTF-8 locales.
If you want to set the value of utf8, it should be in this range. Other nonzero values are treated the same as ``1'', i.e., UTF-8
mode is initially on, and escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed.
utf8Fonts (class Utf8Fonts)
See the discussion of the locale resource.
utf8Latin1 (class Utf8Latin1)
If true, allow an ISO-8859-1 normal font to be combined with an ISO-10646 font if the latter is given via the -fw option or its
corresponding resource value. The default is ``false.''
utf8Title (class Utf8Title)
Applications can set xterm's title by writing a control sequence. Normally this control sequence follows the VT220 convention,
which encodes the string in ISO-8859-1 and allows for an 8-bit string terminator. If xterm is started in a UTF-8 locale, it trans-
lates the ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8 to work with the X libraries which assume the string is UTF-8.
However, some users may wish to write a title string encoded in UTF-8. Set this resource to ``true'' to allow UTF-8 encoded title
strings. That cancels the translation to UTF-8, allowing UTF-8 strings to be displayed as is.
The default is ``false.''
veryBoldColors (class VeryBoldColors)
Specifies whether to combine video attributes with colors specified by colorBD, colorBL, colorRV and colorUL. The resource value
is the sum of values for each attribute:
1 for reverse,
2 for underline,
4 for bold and
8 for blink.
The default is ``0.''
visualBell (class VisualBell)
Specifies whether or not a visible bell (i.e., flashing) should be used instead of an audible bell when Control-G is received. The
default is ``false.''
visualBellDelay (class VisualBellDelay)
Number of milliseconds to delay when displaying a visual bell. Default is 100. If set to zero, no visual bell is displayed. This
is useful for very slow displays, e.g., an LCD display on a laptop.
vt100Graphics (class VT100Graphics)
This specifies whether xterm will interpret VT100 graphic character escape sequences while in UTF-8 mode. The default is ``true'',
to provide support for various legacy applications.
wideBoldFont (class WideBoldFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying bold wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide
as the font that will be used to draw bold text. If no doublewidth font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold font.
wideChars (class WideChars)
Specifies if xterm should respond to control sequences that process 16-bit characters. The default is ``false.''
wideFont (class WideFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the
font that will be used to draw normal text. If no doublewidth font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the normal font.
ximFont (class XimFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot" input method.
In "OverTheSpot" preedit type, the preedit (preconversion) string is displayed at the position of the cursor. It is the XIM
server's responsibility to display the preedit string. The XIM client must inform the XIM server of the cursor position. For best
results, the preedit string must be displayed with a proper font. Therefore, xterm informs the XIM server of the proper font. The
font is be supplied by a "fontset", whose default value is "*". This matches every font, the X library automatically chooses fonts
with proper charsets. The ximFont resource is provided to override this default font setting.
Tek4014 Widget Resources
The following resources are specified as part of the tek4014 widget (class Tek4014). These are specified by patterns such as
"XTerm.tek4014.NAME":
font2 (class Font)
Specifies font number 2 to use in the Tektronix window.
font3 (class Font)
Specifies font number 3 to use in the Tektronix window.
fontLarge (class Font)
Specifies the large font to use in the Tektronix window.
fontSmall (class Font)
Specifies the small font to use in the Tektronix window.
ginTerminator (class GinTerminator)
Specifies what character(s) should follow a GIN report or status report. The possibilities are ``none,'' which sends no terminat-
ing characters, ``CRonly,'' which sends CR, and ``CR&EOT,'' which sends both CR and EOT. The default is ``none.''
height (class Height)
Specifies the height of the Tektronix window in pixels.
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the four Tektronix fonts to use initially. Values are the same as for the set-tek-text action. The default is
``large.''
width (class Width)
Specifies the width of the Tektronix window in pixels.
Menu Resources
The resources that may be specified for the various menus are described in the documentation for the Athena SimpleMenu widget. The name
and classes of the entries in each of the menus are listed below. Resources named "lineN" where N is a number are separators with class
SmeLine.
The mainMenu has the following entries:
toolbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-toolbar(toggle) action.
securekbd (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the secure() action.
allowsends (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the allow-send-events(toggle) action.
redraw (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the redraw() action.
logging (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the logging(toggle) action.
print (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print() action.
print-redir (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-redir() action.
8-bit-control (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-8-bit-control(toggle) action.
backarrow key (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-backarrow(toggle) action.
num-lock (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-num-lock(toggle) action.
alt-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the alt-sends-escape(toggle) action.
meta-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the meta-sends-escape(toggle) action.
delete-is-del (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the delete-is-del(toggle) action.
oldFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the old-function-keys(toggle) action.
hpFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hp-function-keys(toggle) action.
scoFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sco-function-keys(toggle) action.
sunFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sun-function-keys(toggle) action.
sunKeyboard (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sunKeyboard(toggle) action.
suspend (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(tstp) action on systems that support job control.
continue (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(cont) action on systems that support job control.
interrupt (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(int) action.
hangup (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(hup) action.
terminate (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(term) action.
kill (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(kill) action.
quit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the quit() action.
The vtMenu has the following entries:
scrollbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scrollbar(toggle) action.
jumpscroll (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-jumpscroll(toggle) action.
reversevideo (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reverse-video(toggle) action.
autowrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autowrap(toggle) action.
reversewrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reversewrap(toggle) action.
autolinefeed (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autolinefeed(toggle) action.
appcursor (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appcursor(toggle) action.
appkeypad (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appkeypad(toggle) action.
scrollkey (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-key(toggle) action.
scrollttyoutput (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-tty-output(toggle) action.
allow132 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-allow132(toggle) action.
cursesemul (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursesemul(toggle) action.
visualbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visualbell(toggle) action.
bellIsUrgent (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-bellIsUrgent(toggle) action.
poponbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-poponbell(toggle) action.
cursorblink (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursorblink(toggle) action.
titeInhibit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-titeInhibit(toggle) action.
activeicon (class SmeBSB)
This entry toggles active icons on and off if this feature was compiled into xterm. It is enabled only if xterm was started with
the command line option +ai or the activeIcon resource is set to ``true.''
softreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the soft-reset() action.
hardreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hard-reset() action.
clearsavedlines (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the clear-saved-lines() action.
tekshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle) action.
tekmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(tek) action.
vthide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,off) action.
altscreen (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-altscreen(toggle) action.
The fontMenu has the following entries:
fontdefault (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(d) action.
font1 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(1) action.
font2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(2) action.
font3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(3) action.
font4 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(4) action.
font5 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(5) action.
font6 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(6) action.
fontescape (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(e) action.
fontsel (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(s) action.
font-linedrawing (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-linedrawing(s) action.
font-doublesize (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-doublesize(s) action.
render-font (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-render-font(s) action.
utf8-mode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-mode(s) action.
utf8-title (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-title(s) action.
The tekMenu has the following entries:
tektextlarge (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(large) action.
tektext2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(2) action.
tektext3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(3) action.
tektextsmall (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(small) action.
tekpage (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-page() action.
tekreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-reset() action.
tekcopy (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-copy() action.
vtshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,toggle) action.
vtmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(vt) action.
tekhide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle) action.
Scrollbar Resources
The following resources are useful when specified for the Athena Scrollbar widget:
thickness (class Thickness)
Specifies the width in pixels of the scrollbar.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the scrollbar.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of the scrollbar. The ``thumb'' of the scrollbar is a simple checkerboard pattern
alternating pixels for foreground and background color.
POINTER USAGE
Once the VT102 window is created, xterm allows you to select text and copy it within the same or other windows.
SELECTION
The selection functions are invoked when the pointer buttons are used with no modifiers, and when they are used with the ``shift'' key.
The assignment of the functions described below to keys and buttons may be changed through the resource database; see ACTIONS below.
Pointer button one (usually left) is used to save text into the cut buffer. Move the cursor to beginning of the text, and then hold the
button down while moving the cursor to the end of the region and releasing the button. The selected text is highlighted and is saved in
the global cut buffer and made the PRIMARY selection when the button is released. Normally (but see the discussion of on2Clicks, etc):
- Double-clicking selects by words.
- Triple-clicking selects by lines.
- Quadruple-clicking goes back to characters, etc.
Multiple-click is determined by the time from button up to button down, so you can change the selection unit in the middle of a selection.
Logical words and lines selected by double- or triple-clicking may wrap across more than one screen line if lines were wrapped by xterm
itself rather than by the application running in the window. If the key/button bindings specify that an X selection is to be made, xterm
will leave the selected text highlighted for as long as it is the selection owner.
Pointer button two (usually middle) `types' (pastes) the text from the PRIMARY selection, if any, otherwise from the cut buffer, inserting
it as keyboard input.
Pointer button three (usually right) extends the current selection. (Without loss of generality, you can swap ``right'' and ``left''
everywhere in the rest of this paragraph.) If pressed while closer to the right edge of the selection than the left, it extends/contracts
the right edge of the selection. If you contract the selection past the left edge of the selection, xterm assumes you really meant the
left edge, restores the original selection, then extends/contracts the left edge of the selection. Extension starts in the selection unit
mode that the last selection or extension was performed in; you can multiple-click to cycle through them.
By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new lines, you can take text from several places in different windows and form a
command to the shell, for example, or take output from a program and insert it into your favorite editor. Since cut buffers are globally
shared among different applications, you may regard each as a `file' whose contents you know. The terminal emulator and other text pro-
grams should be treating it as if it were a text file, i.e., the text is delimited by new lines.
SCROLLING
The scroll region displays the position and amount of text currently showing in the window (highlighted) relative to the amount of text
actually saved. As more text is saved (up to the maximum), the size of the highlighted area decreases.
Clicking button one with the pointer in the scroll region moves the adjacent line to the top of the display window.
Clicking button three moves the top line of the display window down to the pointer position.
Clicking button two moves the display to a position in the saved text that corresponds to the pointer's position in the scrollbar.
TEKTRONIX POINTER
Unlike the VT102 window, the Tektronix window does not allow the copying of text. It does allow Tektronix GIN mode, and in this mode the
cursor will change from an arrow to a cross. Pressing any key will send that key and the current coordinate of the cross cursor. Pressing
button one, two, or three will return the letters `l', `m', and `r', respectively. If the `shift' key is pressed when a pointer button is
pressed, the corresponding upper case letter is sent. To distinguish a pointer button from a key, the high bit of the character is set
(but this is bit is normally stripped unless the terminal mode is RAW; see tty(4) for details).
MENUS
Xterm has four menus, named mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu, and tekMenu. Each menu pops up under the correct combinations of key and button
presses. Each menu is divided into sections, separated by a horizontal line. Some menu entries correspond to modes that can be altered.
A check mark appears next to a mode that is currently active. Selecting one of these modes toggles its state. Other menu entries are com-
mands; selecting one of these performs the indicated function.
All of the menu entries correspond to X actions. In the list below, the menu label is shown followed by the action's name in parenthesis.
Main Options
The xterm mainMenu pops up when the ``control'' key and pointer button one are pressed in a window. This menu contains items that apply to
both the VT102 and Tektronix windows. There are several sections:
Commands for managing X events:
Toolbar
Clicking on the "Toolbar" menu entry hides the toolbar if it is visible, and shows it if it is not.
Secure Keyboard (securekbd)
The Secure Keyboard mode is helpful when typing in passwords or other sensitive data in an unsecure environment; see SECURITY
below (but read the limitations carefully).
Allow SendEvents (allowsends)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events generated using the X protocol SendEvent request should be inter-
preted or discarded. This corresponds to the allowSendEvents resource.
Redraw Window (redraw)
Forces the X display to repaint; useful in some environments.
Commands for capturing output:
Log to File (logging)
Captures text sent to the screen in a logfile, as in the -l logging option.
Print Window (print)
Sends the text of the current window to the program given in the printerCommand resource.
Redirect to Printer (print-redir)
This sets the printerControlMode to 0 or 2. You can use this to turn the printer on as if an application had sent the appro-
priate control sequence. It is also useful for switching the printer off if an application turns it on without resetting the
print control mode.
Modes for setting keyboard style:
8-Bit Controls (8-bit-control)
Enabled for VT220 emulation, this controls whether xterm will send 8-bit control sequences rather than using 7-bit (ASCII)
controls, e.g., sending a byte in the range 128-159 rather than the escape character followed by a second byte. Xterm always
interprets both 8-bit and 7-bit control sequences (see the document Xterm Control Sequences). This corresponds to the eight-
BitControl resource.
Backarrow Key (BS/DEL) (backarrow key)
Modifies the behavior of the backarrow key, making it transmit either a backspace(8) or delete(127) character. This corre-
sponds to the backarrowKey resource.
Alt/NumLock Modifiers (num-lock)
Controls the treatment of Alt- and NumLock-key modifiers. This corresponds to the numLock resource.
Meta Sends Escape (meta-esc)
Controls whether Meta keys are converted into a two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. This cor-
responds to the metaSendsEscape resource.
Delete is DEL (delete-is-del)
Controls whether the Delete key on the editing keypad should send DEL(127) or the VT220-style Remove escape sequence. This
corresponds to the deleteIsDEL resource.
Old Function-Keys (oldFunctionKeys)
HP Function-Keys (hpFunctionKeys)
SCO Function-Keys (scoFunctionKeys)
Sun Function-Keys (sunFunctionKeys)
VT220 Keyboard (sunKeyboard)
These act as a radio-button, selecting one style for the keyboard layout. It corresponds to more than one resource setting:
sunKeyboard, sunFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys and hpFunctionKeys ."
Commands for process signalling:
Send STOP Signal (suspend)
Send CONT Signal (continue)
Send INT Signal (interrupt)
Send HUP Signal (hangup)
Send TERM Signal (terminate)
Send KILL Signal (kill)
These send the SIGTSTP, SIGCONT, SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGTERM and SIGKILL signals respectively, to the process group of the
process running under xterm (usually the shell). The SIGCONT function is especially useful if the user has accidentally
typed CTRL-Z, suspending the process.
Quit (quit)
Stop processing X events except to support the -hold option, and then send a SIGHUP signal to the the process group of the
process running under xterm (usually the shell).
VT Options
The vtMenu sets various modes in the VT102 emulation, and is popped up when the ``control'' key and pointer button two are pressed in the
VT102 window.
VT102/VT220 Modes:
Enable Scrollbar (scrollbar)
Enable (or disable) the scrollbar. This corresponds to the -sb option and the scrollBar resource.
Enable Jump Scroll (jumpscroll)
Enable (or disable) jump scrolling. This corresponds to the -j option and the jumpScroll resource.
Enable Reverse Video (reversevideo)
Enable (or disable) reverse-video. This corresponds to the -rv option and the reverseVideo resource.
Enable Auto Wraparound (autowrap)
Enable (or disable) auto-wraparound. This corresponds to the -aw option and the autoWrap resource.
Enable Reverse Wraparound (reversewrap)
Enable (or disable) reverse wraparound. This corresponds to the -rw option and the reverseWrap resource.
Enable Auto Linefeed (autolinefeed)
Enable (or disable) auto-linefeed. This is the VT102 NEL function, which causes the emulator to emit a linefeed after each
carriage return. There is no corresponding command-line option or resource setting.
Enable Application Cursor Keys (appcursor)
Enable (or disable) application cursor keys. This corresponds to the appcursorDefault resource. There is no corresponding
command-line option.
Enable Application Keypad (appkeypad)
Enable (or disable) application keypad keys. This corresponds to the appkeypadDefault resource. There is no corresponding
command-line option.
Scroll to Bottom on Key Press (scrollkey)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom of the scrolling region on a keypress. This corresponds to the -sk option and
the scrollKey resource.
Scroll to Bottom on Tty Output (scrollttyoutput)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom of the scrolling region on output to the terminal. This corresponds to the -si
option and the scrollTtyOutput resource.
Allow 80/132 Column Switching (allow132)
Enable (or disable) switching between 80 and 132 columns. This corresponds to the -132 option and the c132 resource.
Keep Selection (keepSelection)
Tell xterm whether to disown the selection when it stops highlighting it, e.g., when an application modifies the display so
that it no longer matches the text which has been highlighted. As long as xterm continues to own the selection, it can pro-
vide the corresponding text to other clients via cut/paste. This corresponds to the keepSelection resource. There is no
corresponding command-line option.
Select to Clipboard (selectToClipboard)
Tell xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD for SELECT tokens in the translations resource which maps keyboard and
mouse actions to select/paste actions. This corresponds to the selectToClipboard resource. There is no corresponding com-
mand-line option.
Enable Visual Bell (visualbell)
Enable (or disable) visible bell (i.e., flashing) instead of an audible bell. This corresponds to the -vb option and the
visualBell resource.
Enable Bell Urgency (bellIsUrgent)
Enable (or disable) Urgency window manager hint when Control-G is received. This corresponds to the bellIsUrgent resource.
Enable Pop on Bell (poponbell)
Enable (or disable) raising of the window when Control-G is received. This corresponds to the -pop option and the popOnBell
resource.
Enable Blinking Cursor (cursorblink)
Enable (or disable) the blinking-cursor feature. This corresponds to the -bc option and the cursorBlink resource. There is
also an escape sequence (see the document Xterm Control Sequences). The menu entry and the escape sequence states are XOR'd:
if both are enabled, the cursor will not blink, if only one is enabled, the cursor will blink.
Enable Alternate Screen Switching (titeInhibit)
Enable (or disable) switching between the normal and alternate screens. This corresponds to the titeInhibit resource. There
is no corresponding command-line option.
Enable Active Icon (activeicon)
Enable (or disable) the active-icon feature. This corresponds to the -ai option and the activeIcon resource.
VT102/VT220 Commands:
Do Soft Reset (softreset)
Reset scroll regions. This can be convenient when some program has left the scroll regions set incorrectly (often a problem
when using VMS or TOPS-20). This corresponds to the VT220 DECSTR control sequence.
Do Full Reset (hardreset)
The full reset entry will clear the screen, reset tabs to every eight columns, and reset the terminal modes (such as wrap and
smooth scroll) to their initial states just after xterm has finished processing the command line options. This corresponds
to the VT102 RIS control sequence, with a few obvious differences. For example, your session is not disconnected as a real
VT102 would do.
Reset and Clear Saved Lines (clearsavedlines)
Perform a full reset, and also clear the saved lines.
Commands for setting the current screen:
Show Tek Window (tekshow)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up (makes it visible). When disabled, hides the Tektronix 4014 window.
Switch to Tek Mode (tekmode)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up if it is not already visible, and switches the input stream to that window.
When disabled, hides the Tektronix 4014 window and switches input back to the VTxxx window.
Hide VT Window (vthide)
When enabled, hides the VTxxx window, shows the Tektronix 4014 window if it was not already visible and switches the input
stream to that window. When disabled, shows the VTxxx window, and switches the input stream to that window.
Show Alternate Screen (altscreen)
When enabled, shows the alternate screen. When disabled, shows the normal screen. Note that the normal screen may have
saved lines; the alternate screen does not.
VT Fonts
The fontMenu pops up when when the ``control'' key and pointer button three are pressed in a window. It sets the font used in the VT102
window, or modifies the way the font is specified or displayed. There are several sections.
The first section allows you to select the font from a set of alternatives:
Default (fontdefault)
Set the font to the default, i.e., that given by the *VT100.font resource.
Unreadable (font1)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font1 resource.
Tiny (font2)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font2 resource.
Small (font3)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font3 resource.
Medium (font4)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font4 resource.
Large (font5)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font5 resource.
Huge (font6)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font6 resource.
Escape Sequence
This allows you to set the font last specified by the Set Font escape sequence (see the document Xterm Control Sequences).
Selection (fontsel)
This allows you to set the font specified the current selection as a font name (if the PRIMARY selection is owned).
The second section allows you to modify the way it is displayed:
Line-Drawing Characters (font-linedrawing)
When set, tells xterm to draw its own line-drawing characters. Otherwise it relies on the font containing these. Compare to
the forceBoxChars resource.
Doublesized Characters (font-doublesize)
When set, xterm may ask the font server to produce scaled versions of the normal font, for VT102 double-size characters.
The third section allows you to modify the way it is specified:
TrueType Fonts (render-font)
If the renderFont and corresponding resources were set, this is a further control whether xterm will actually use the Xft
library calls to obtain a font.
UTF-8 (utf8-mode)
This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8 encoding of input/output. It is useful for temporarily switching xterm to display
text from an application which does not follow the locale settings.
The fourth section allows you to enable or disable special operations which can be controlled by writing escape sequences to the terminal.
These are disabled if the SendEvents feature is enabled:
Allow Font Ops (allow-font-ops)
This corresponds to the allowFontOps resource. Enable or disable control sequences that set/query the font.
Allow Tcap Ops (allow-tcap-ops)
Enable or disable control sequences that query the terminal's notion of its function-key strings, as termcap or terminfo
capabilities. This corresponds to the allowTcapOps resource.
Allow Title Ops (allow-title-ops)
Enable or disable control sequences that modify the window title or icon name. This corresponds to the allowTitleOps
resource.
Allow Window Ops (allow-window-ops)
Enable or disable extended window control sequences (as used in dtterm). This corresponds to the allowWindowOps resource.
TEK Options
The tekMenu sets various modes in the Tektronix emulation, and is popped up when the ``control'' key and pointer button two are pressed in
the Tektronix window. The current font size is checked in the modes section of the menu.
Large Characters (tektextlarge)
#2 Size Characters (tektext2)
#3 Size Characters (tektext3)
Small Characters (tektextsmall)
Commands:
PAGE (tekpage)
Clear the Tektronix window.
RESET (tekreset)
COPY (tekcopy)
Windows:
Show VT Window (vtshow)
Switch to VT Mode (vtmode)
Hide Tek Window (tekhide)
SECURITY
X environments differ in their security consciousness. Most servers, run under xdm, are capable of using a ``magic cookie'' authorization
scheme that can provide a reasonable level of security for many people. If your server is only using a host-based mechanism to control
access to the server (see xhost(1)), then if you enable access for a host and other users are also permitted to run clients on that same
host, it is possible that someone can run an application which uses the basic services of the X protocol to snoop on your activities,
potentially capturing a transcript of everything you type at the keyboard. Any process which has access to your X display can manipulate
it in ways that you might not anticipate, even redirecting your keyboard to itself and sending events to your application's windows. This
is true even with the ``magic cookie'' authorization scheme. While the allowSendEvents provides some protection against rogue applications
tampering with your programs, guarding against a snooper is harder.
The possibility of an application spying on your keystrokes is of particular concern when you want to type in a password or other sensitive
data. The best solution to this problem is to use a better authorization mechanism than is provided by X. Given all of these caveats, a
simple mechanism exists for protecting keyboard input in xterm.
The xterm menu (see MENUS above) contains a Secure Keyboard entry which, when enabled, attempts to ensure that all keyboard input is
directed only to xterm (using the GrabKeyboard protocol request). When an application prompts you for a password (or other sensitive
data), you can enable Secure Keyboard using the menu, type in the data, and then disable Secure Keyboard using the menu again. This
ensures that you know which window is accepting your keystrokes. It cannot ensure that there are no processes which have access to your X
display that might be observing the keystrokes as well.
Only one X client at a time can grab the keyboard, so when you attempt to enable Secure Keyboard it may fail. In this case, the bell will
sound. If the Secure Keyboard succeeds, the foreground and background colors will be exchanged (as if you selected the Reverse Video entry
in the Modes menu); they will be exchanged again when you exit secure mode. If the colors do not switch, then you should be very suspi-
cious that you are being spoofed. If the application you are running displays a prompt before asking for the password, it is safest to
enter secure mode before the prompt gets displayed, and to make sure that the prompt gets displayed correctly (in the new colors), to mini-
mize the probability of spoofing. You can also bring up the menu again and make sure that a check mark appears next to the entry.
Secure Keyboard mode will be disabled automatically if your xterm window becomes iconified (or otherwise unmapped), or if you start up a
reparenting window manager (that places a title bar or other decoration around the window) while in Secure Keyboard mode. (This is a fea-
ture of the X protocol not easily overcome.) When this happens, the foreground and background colors will be switched back and the bell
will sound in warning.
CHARACTER CLASSES
Clicking the left pointer button twice in rapid succession (double-clicking) causes all characters of the same class (e.g., letters, white
space, punctuation) to be selected as a ``word''. Since different people have different preferences for what should be selected (for exam-
ple, should filenames be selected as a whole or only the separate subnames), the default mapping can be overridden through the use of the
charClass (class CharClass) resource.
This resource is a series of comma-separated of range:value pairs. The range is either a single number or low-high in the range of 0 to
65535, corresponding to the code for the character or characters to be set. The value is arbitrary, although the default table uses the
character number of the first character occurring in the set. When not in UTF-8 mode, only the first 256 bytes of this table will be used.
The default table starts as follows -
static int charClass[256] = {
/* NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL */
32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* BS HT NL VT NP CR SO SI */
1, 32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* SP ! " # $ % & ' */
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
/* ( ) * + , - . / */
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
/* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* 8 9 : ; < = > ? */
48, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
/* @ A B C D E F G */
64, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* H I J K L M N O */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* P Q R S T U V W */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* X Y Z [ ] ^ _ */
48, 48, 48, 91, 92, 93, 94, 48,
/* ` a b c d e f g */
96, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* h i j k l m n o */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* p q r s t u v w */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* x y z { | } ~ DEL */
48, 48, 48, 123, 124, 125, 126, 1,
/* x80 x81 x82 x83 IND NEL SSA ESA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* HTS HTJ VTS PLD PLU RI SS2 SS3 */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DCS PU1 PU2 STS CCH MW SPA EPA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* x98 x99 x9A CSI ST OSC PM APC */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* - i c/ L ox Y- | So */
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
/* .. c0 ip << _ R0 - */
168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
/* o +- 2 3 ' u q| . */
176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
/* , 1 2 >> 1/4 1/2 3/4 ? */
184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
/* A` A' A^ A~ A: Ao AE C, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* E` E' E^ E: I` I' I^ I: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* D- N~ O` O' O^ O~ O: X */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 215,
/* O/ U` U' U^ U: Y' P B */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* a` a' a^ a~ a: ao ae c, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* e` e' e^ e: i` i' i^ i: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* d n~ o` o' o^ o~ o: -: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 247,
/* o/ u` u' u^ u: y' P y: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48};
For example, the string ``33:48,37:48,45-47:48,38:48'' indicates that the exclamation mark, percent sign, dash, period, slash, and amper-
sand characters should be treated the same way as characters and numbers. This is useful for cutting and pasting electronic mailing
addresses and filenames.
ACTIONS
It is possible to rebind keys (or sequences of keys) to arbitrary strings for input, by changing the translations resources for the vt100
or tek4014 widgets. Changing the translations resource for events other than key and button events is not expected, and will cause unpre-
dictable behavior. The following actions are provided for use within the vt100 or tek4014 translations resources:
allow-font-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowFontOps resource and is also invoked by the allow-font-ops entry in fontMenu.
allow-send-events(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowSendEvents resource and is also invoked by the allowsends entry in mainMenu.
allow-tcap-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowTcapOps resource and is also invoked by the allow-tcap-ops entry in fontMenu.
allow-title-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowTitleOps resource and is also invoked by the allow-title-ops entry in fontMenu.
allow-window-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowWindowOps resource and is also invoked by the allow-window-ops entry in fontMenu.
alt-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the eightBitInput resource.
bell([percent])
This action rings the keyboard bell at the specified percentage above or below the base volume.
clear-saved-lines()
This action does hard-reset() (see below) and also clears the history of lines saved off the top of the screen. It is also invoked
from the clearsavedlines entry in vtMenu. The effect is identical to a hardware reset (RIS) control sequence.
create-menu(m/v/f/t)
This action creates one of the menus used by xterm, if it has not been previously created. The parameter values are the menu
names: mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu, tekMenu, respectively.
dabbrev-expand()
Expands the word before cursor by searching in the preceding text on the screen and in the scrollback buffer for words starting
with that abbreviation. Repeating dabbrev-expand() several times in sequence searches for an alternative expansion by looking far-
ther back. Lack of more matches is signaled by a beep(). Attempts to expand an empty word (i.e., when cursor is preceded by a
space) yield successively all previous words. Consecutive identical expansions are ignored. The word here is defined as a
sequence of non-whitespace characters. This feature partially emulates the behavior of `dynamic abbreviation' expansion in Emacs
(bound there to M-/). Here is a resource setting for xterm which will do the same thing:
*VT100*translations: #override
Meta <KeyPress> /:dabbrev-expand()
deiconify()
Changes the window state back to normal, if it was iconified.
delete-is-del()
This action toggles the state of the deleteIsDEL resource.
dired-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and release) by echoing the event's position (i.e., character line and column) in the fol-
lowing format:
^X ESC G <line+' '> <col+' '>
iconify()
Iconifies the window.
hard-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region, tabs, window size, and cursor keys and clears the screen. It is also invoked from the
hardreset entry in vtMenu.
ignore()
This action ignores the event but checks for special pointer position escape sequences.
insert()
This action inserts the character or string associated with the key that was pressed.
insert-eight-bit()
This action inserts an eight-bit (Meta) version of the character or string associated with the key that was pressed. This only
applies to single-byte values. The exact action depends on the value of the metaSendsEscape and the eightBitInput resources. The
metaSendsEscape resource is tested first.
The term "eight-bit" is misleading: xterm checks if the key's value is less than 128. If so, xterm adds 128 to the value, setting
its eighth bit. Otherwise xterm sends an ESC byte before the key. In other applications' documentation, that is referred to as a
"meta key".
insert-selection(sourcename [, ...])
This action inserts the string found in the selection or cutbuffer indicated by sourcename. Sources are checked in the order given
(case is significant) until one is found. Commonly-used selections include: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, and CLIPBOARD. Cut buffers are
typically named CUT_BUFFER0 through CUT_BUFFER7.
insert-seven-bit()
This action is a synonym for insert() The term "seven-bit" is misleading: it only implies that xterm does not try to add 128 to the
key's value as in insert-eight-bit().
interpret(control-sequence)
Interpret the given control sequence locally, i.e., without passing it to the host. This works by inserting the control sequence
at the front of the input buffer. Use "" to escape octal digits in the string. Xt does not allow you to put a null character
(i.e., "